NURS 5304 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY
COMPREHENSIVE TEST 2026 QUESTIONS
WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ abscesses and tumors ___ blood flow. Answer: decrease
◉ How do drugs exit the vascular system? Answer: Typical capillary
beds, Drugs pass between capillary cells rather than through them.
◉ blood-brain barrier Answer: Capillaries of CNS that have tight
junctions preventing free diffusion
Drugs must be able to pass through cells of capillary wall
Only lipid soluble drugs can cross BBB
◉ placental drug transfer Answer: membranes of the placenta do
not constitute an absolute barrier to the passage of drugs
◉ risks with placental drug transfer Answer: Birth defects: Mental
retardation, gross malformations, low birth weight
,Mother's use of habitual opioids: Birth of drug-dependent baby
◉ protein binding Answer: ability of drugs to form reversible bonds
w/ various proteins
◉ plasma albumin Answer: most abundant and important protein
large molecule that always remains in the bloodstream
affects drug distribution
◉ entering cells (distribution) Answer: some drugs need to enter
cells to reach site of action
most drugs must undergo metabolism and excretion
many drugs produce effects by binding w/ receptors on external
surface of cell membrane
◉ drug metabolism (biotransformation) Answer: enzymatic
alteration of drug structure, often takes place in the liver
◉ P450 system Answer: group of hepatic enzyme families in the
liver which metabolize drugs and endogenous compounds
, ◉ prodrug Answer: A drug that is inactive in its given form and must
be metabolized to its active form in the body, generally by the liver,
to be effective.
◉ substrate Answer: reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction
◉ inducer Answer: A specific small molecule that inactivates the
repressor in an operon.
◉ therapeutic consequences of drug metabolism Answer: -
Accelerated renal excretion of drugs
- Drug inactivation
- Increased therapeutic action
- Activation of "prodrugs"
- Increased toxicity
- Decreased toxicity
◉ special considerations in drug metabolism Answer: - Age
- Induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes
- First-pass effect
- Nutritional status
- Competition between drugs
COMPREHENSIVE TEST 2026 QUESTIONS
WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ abscesses and tumors ___ blood flow. Answer: decrease
◉ How do drugs exit the vascular system? Answer: Typical capillary
beds, Drugs pass between capillary cells rather than through them.
◉ blood-brain barrier Answer: Capillaries of CNS that have tight
junctions preventing free diffusion
Drugs must be able to pass through cells of capillary wall
Only lipid soluble drugs can cross BBB
◉ placental drug transfer Answer: membranes of the placenta do
not constitute an absolute barrier to the passage of drugs
◉ risks with placental drug transfer Answer: Birth defects: Mental
retardation, gross malformations, low birth weight
,Mother's use of habitual opioids: Birth of drug-dependent baby
◉ protein binding Answer: ability of drugs to form reversible bonds
w/ various proteins
◉ plasma albumin Answer: most abundant and important protein
large molecule that always remains in the bloodstream
affects drug distribution
◉ entering cells (distribution) Answer: some drugs need to enter
cells to reach site of action
most drugs must undergo metabolism and excretion
many drugs produce effects by binding w/ receptors on external
surface of cell membrane
◉ drug metabolism (biotransformation) Answer: enzymatic
alteration of drug structure, often takes place in the liver
◉ P450 system Answer: group of hepatic enzyme families in the
liver which metabolize drugs and endogenous compounds
, ◉ prodrug Answer: A drug that is inactive in its given form and must
be metabolized to its active form in the body, generally by the liver,
to be effective.
◉ substrate Answer: reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction
◉ inducer Answer: A specific small molecule that inactivates the
repressor in an operon.
◉ therapeutic consequences of drug metabolism Answer: -
Accelerated renal excretion of drugs
- Drug inactivation
- Increased therapeutic action
- Activation of "prodrugs"
- Increased toxicity
- Decreased toxicity
◉ special considerations in drug metabolism Answer: - Age
- Induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes
- First-pass effect
- Nutritional status
- Competition between drugs
