NURS 5304 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY
EXAM SCRIPT 2026 QUESTIONS WITH FULL
ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ Arguments for full prescriptive authority Answer: - APRNs are
educated to practice and prescribe independently without
supervision
- National examinations validate ability to provide safe competent
care
- Licensure ensures compliance with standards to promote public
health and safety - Limited prescriptive authority creates numerous
barriers to quality, affordable, & accessible patient care
◉ Drug selection factors Answer: cost, guidelines, availability,
interactions, side effects, allergies, liver & renal function, need for
monitoring, special populations
◉ Elements needed to complete a prescription Answer: - Prescriber
name, license number, and contact information
- Prescriber DEA number, if applicable
- Patient name and date of birth
- Patient allergies
- Name of medication
,- Indication of medication
- Medication strength (e.g., 25 mg, 500 mg/mL)
- Dose of medication and frequency (e.g., 12.5 mg once daily)
- Number of tablets/capsules to dispense
- Number of refills
◉ Pharmokinetics Answer: the study of drugs within the body,
absorption , distribution, metabolism, excretion
◉ 3 ways drugs cross cell membrane Answer: 1. channels & pores
2. transport systems (p glycoprotein)
3. direct penetration of membrane ( most common -> drugs too
large to pass through pores & channels)
◉ absorption Answer: the movement of a drug from its site of
administration into the blood
rate of absorption determines how soon effects will begin
amount of absorption determine intensity of effects
◉ factors affecting absorption Answer: rate of dissolution, surface
area, blood flow, lipid solubility, pH partitioning
, ◉ P-glycoprotein Answer: Transmembrane protein that transports a
wide variety of drugs out of cells
◉ How does the liver aid in pharmacokinetics? Answer: transports
drugs into bile for elimination
◉ How do the kidneys aid in pharmacokinetics? Answer: pumps
drugs into urine for excretion
◉ How does the placenta aid in pharmacokinetics? Answer:
transports drugs back into the maternal blood
◉ How does the brain aid in pharmacokinetics? Answer: pumps
drugs into blood to limit drugs' access to the brain
◉ passive diffusion Answer: molecules move from one side of a
barrier to another without expending energy; moving from an area
of higher concentration to lower concentration
◉ "like dissolves like" rule Answer: Cell membranes are composed
primarily of lipids; therefore, to directly penetrate membranes, a
drug must be lipid soluble (lipophilic)
EXAM SCRIPT 2026 QUESTIONS WITH FULL
ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ Arguments for full prescriptive authority Answer: - APRNs are
educated to practice and prescribe independently without
supervision
- National examinations validate ability to provide safe competent
care
- Licensure ensures compliance with standards to promote public
health and safety - Limited prescriptive authority creates numerous
barriers to quality, affordable, & accessible patient care
◉ Drug selection factors Answer: cost, guidelines, availability,
interactions, side effects, allergies, liver & renal function, need for
monitoring, special populations
◉ Elements needed to complete a prescription Answer: - Prescriber
name, license number, and contact information
- Prescriber DEA number, if applicable
- Patient name and date of birth
- Patient allergies
- Name of medication
,- Indication of medication
- Medication strength (e.g., 25 mg, 500 mg/mL)
- Dose of medication and frequency (e.g., 12.5 mg once daily)
- Number of tablets/capsules to dispense
- Number of refills
◉ Pharmokinetics Answer: the study of drugs within the body,
absorption , distribution, metabolism, excretion
◉ 3 ways drugs cross cell membrane Answer: 1. channels & pores
2. transport systems (p glycoprotein)
3. direct penetration of membrane ( most common -> drugs too
large to pass through pores & channels)
◉ absorption Answer: the movement of a drug from its site of
administration into the blood
rate of absorption determines how soon effects will begin
amount of absorption determine intensity of effects
◉ factors affecting absorption Answer: rate of dissolution, surface
area, blood flow, lipid solubility, pH partitioning
, ◉ P-glycoprotein Answer: Transmembrane protein that transports a
wide variety of drugs out of cells
◉ How does the liver aid in pharmacokinetics? Answer: transports
drugs into bile for elimination
◉ How do the kidneys aid in pharmacokinetics? Answer: pumps
drugs into urine for excretion
◉ How does the placenta aid in pharmacokinetics? Answer:
transports drugs back into the maternal blood
◉ How does the brain aid in pharmacokinetics? Answer: pumps
drugs into blood to limit drugs' access to the brain
◉ passive diffusion Answer: molecules move from one side of a
barrier to another without expending energy; moving from an area
of higher concentration to lower concentration
◉ "like dissolves like" rule Answer: Cell membranes are composed
primarily of lipids; therefore, to directly penetrate membranes, a
drug must be lipid soluble (lipophilic)
