Nur’s 1020 Exam 4 Questions With
Complete Solutions 2026.
Classifications of hypersensitivity responses - Answer -Type I - Immediate
Rapid hypersensitivity reaction
-Type II - Cytotoxic
-Type III - Immune-complex mediated
-Type IV - Delayed
Type 1: Rapid Hypersensitivity Reactions - Answer -Also called atopic allergy; most common
type
-Some reactions occur only in areas of antigen exposure
-Caused by increased production of immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody class
-Other reactions may involve blood vessels and bronchiolar smooth muscle, causing blood
vessel dilation, decreased cardiac output, bronchoconstriction = Anaphylaxis
-Allergens contracted by:
-Inhalation (pollens, spores, animal dander, dust)
-Ingestion (foods, food additives, drugs)
-Injection (insects, drugs)
-Contraction (latex, food, environmental proteins
Latex allergy - Answer -Type I hypersensitivity reaction
-Protein found in natural latex rubber products is specific allergen
-Allergen causes interaction with IgE
-Incidence of latex allergy is increasing
-Health care workers especially susceptible
Latex allergy risk factors - Answer -Less than 1% of US population have a latex allergy
-Highest risk: children born with
spina bifida
-More than 60% of children with SB are allergic to latex
-Children who have frequent medical treatments or long surgeries
-8-12% of health care workers and others who routinely wear latex gloves
,Latex cross reactive foods - Answer -avocado, banana, chestnut, kiwi, apple, carrot, celery,
papaya, potatoes
(raw), tomatoes,melons, bell peppers.
Latex allergy prevention - Answer -avoiding latex is the only treatment.
-hand hygiene after exposure to latex.
Latex allergy clinical manifestations - Answer tongue swelling, cough, throat closing,
wheezing, chest tightness, light headedness/blacking out, sense of impending doom, can
progress to anaphylaxis.
anaphlyaxis - Answer -Systemic hypersensitivity reaction (Type I)
-May occur suddenly...be ALERT !!
-Can be fatal - especially with delay of epinephrine
-Common agents that cause reaction
(table 13.9 pg 196)
-Always ask about allergies before administering meds
-Patient education essential
-EpiPen education
anaphylaxis manifestations - Answer -First feelings of uneasiness, apprehension, weakness,
impending doom
-Pruritus and urticaria
-Erythema, hives, sometimes angioedema of eyes, lips, tongue
-Histamine causes vasodilation and capillary leak, bronchoconstriction, mucosal edema, excess
mucus secretion
-Causes congestion, rhinorrhea, dyspnea, increasing respiratory distress with audible wheezing,
stridor, barking cough, and air hunger
-Drugs, food and insects most common causes
anaphylaxis interventions - Answer -EpiPen or Twinject
-Assess respiratory function; establish airway
-CPR (if needed)
-Epinephrine concentration 1:1000 0.3ml - 0.5ml may be repeated every 5-15 minutes
-Antihistamines (for angioedema and urticaria)
-Oxygen- 90 to 100%
-Treat bronchospasm
, -Nebulizer inhaled beta-adrenergic agonist
-IV fluids, isotonic solutions ie. LR, or NS
type II: cytotoxic reaction - Answer -Body makes special autoantibodies directed against self
cells that have some form of foreign protein attached to them, tissue specific reactions
-Clinical examples:
-Hemolytic anemias, Transfusion reactions
-Thrombocytopenic purpura
Hemolytic transfusion reaction - Answer -Serious complication of blood transfusion
-Occurs when a patient receives blood/blood products that don't match the patient's blood type
-Happens when the red blood cells that were given during the transfusion are destroyed by the
person's immune system
Hemolytic transfusion reaction risk factors - Answer -Patients previously transfused
-Women with multiple births
-Patients receiving emergency uncross-matched transfusion
hemolytic tranfusion reaction prevention - Answer -Before transfusion, patient and donor
blood are tested (cross-matched) to see if they are compatible.
-Indirect Coombs test, Direct Coombs test (rarely used)
-Before the transfusion, two RNs will check:
-patient name, DOB, and medical record number
-blood type
-transfusion order
-transfusion consent form
Hemolytic transfusion reaction clinical manifestations - Answer -back pain
-bloody urine
-chills
-fainting or dizziness
May occur: during or immediatley after the transfusion, several days after the transfusion
(delayed reaction)
treatment of hemolytic reactions - Answer Treat reaction with:
IV corticosteroids and antihistamines
Complete Solutions 2026.
Classifications of hypersensitivity responses - Answer -Type I - Immediate
Rapid hypersensitivity reaction
-Type II - Cytotoxic
-Type III - Immune-complex mediated
-Type IV - Delayed
Type 1: Rapid Hypersensitivity Reactions - Answer -Also called atopic allergy; most common
type
-Some reactions occur only in areas of antigen exposure
-Caused by increased production of immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody class
-Other reactions may involve blood vessels and bronchiolar smooth muscle, causing blood
vessel dilation, decreased cardiac output, bronchoconstriction = Anaphylaxis
-Allergens contracted by:
-Inhalation (pollens, spores, animal dander, dust)
-Ingestion (foods, food additives, drugs)
-Injection (insects, drugs)
-Contraction (latex, food, environmental proteins
Latex allergy - Answer -Type I hypersensitivity reaction
-Protein found in natural latex rubber products is specific allergen
-Allergen causes interaction with IgE
-Incidence of latex allergy is increasing
-Health care workers especially susceptible
Latex allergy risk factors - Answer -Less than 1% of US population have a latex allergy
-Highest risk: children born with
spina bifida
-More than 60% of children with SB are allergic to latex
-Children who have frequent medical treatments or long surgeries
-8-12% of health care workers and others who routinely wear latex gloves
,Latex cross reactive foods - Answer -avocado, banana, chestnut, kiwi, apple, carrot, celery,
papaya, potatoes
(raw), tomatoes,melons, bell peppers.
Latex allergy prevention - Answer -avoiding latex is the only treatment.
-hand hygiene after exposure to latex.
Latex allergy clinical manifestations - Answer tongue swelling, cough, throat closing,
wheezing, chest tightness, light headedness/blacking out, sense of impending doom, can
progress to anaphylaxis.
anaphlyaxis - Answer -Systemic hypersensitivity reaction (Type I)
-May occur suddenly...be ALERT !!
-Can be fatal - especially with delay of epinephrine
-Common agents that cause reaction
(table 13.9 pg 196)
-Always ask about allergies before administering meds
-Patient education essential
-EpiPen education
anaphylaxis manifestations - Answer -First feelings of uneasiness, apprehension, weakness,
impending doom
-Pruritus and urticaria
-Erythema, hives, sometimes angioedema of eyes, lips, tongue
-Histamine causes vasodilation and capillary leak, bronchoconstriction, mucosal edema, excess
mucus secretion
-Causes congestion, rhinorrhea, dyspnea, increasing respiratory distress with audible wheezing,
stridor, barking cough, and air hunger
-Drugs, food and insects most common causes
anaphylaxis interventions - Answer -EpiPen or Twinject
-Assess respiratory function; establish airway
-CPR (if needed)
-Epinephrine concentration 1:1000 0.3ml - 0.5ml may be repeated every 5-15 minutes
-Antihistamines (for angioedema and urticaria)
-Oxygen- 90 to 100%
-Treat bronchospasm
, -Nebulizer inhaled beta-adrenergic agonist
-IV fluids, isotonic solutions ie. LR, or NS
type II: cytotoxic reaction - Answer -Body makes special autoantibodies directed against self
cells that have some form of foreign protein attached to them, tissue specific reactions
-Clinical examples:
-Hemolytic anemias, Transfusion reactions
-Thrombocytopenic purpura
Hemolytic transfusion reaction - Answer -Serious complication of blood transfusion
-Occurs when a patient receives blood/blood products that don't match the patient's blood type
-Happens when the red blood cells that were given during the transfusion are destroyed by the
person's immune system
Hemolytic transfusion reaction risk factors - Answer -Patients previously transfused
-Women with multiple births
-Patients receiving emergency uncross-matched transfusion
hemolytic tranfusion reaction prevention - Answer -Before transfusion, patient and donor
blood are tested (cross-matched) to see if they are compatible.
-Indirect Coombs test, Direct Coombs test (rarely used)
-Before the transfusion, two RNs will check:
-patient name, DOB, and medical record number
-blood type
-transfusion order
-transfusion consent form
Hemolytic transfusion reaction clinical manifestations - Answer -back pain
-bloody urine
-chills
-fainting or dizziness
May occur: during or immediatley after the transfusion, several days after the transfusion
(delayed reaction)
treatment of hemolytic reactions - Answer Treat reaction with:
IV corticosteroids and antihistamines
