HLT 450 URI Exam 1 Questions With Complete Solutions

HLT 450 URI Exam 1 Questions With Complete Solutions /.What is the WHO definition of health? - Answer-"A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity" (1947) /.How does the Ottawa Charter define 'health promotion'? - Answer-"health considered less as an abstract state, more as means to an end which can be expressed in functional terms as a resource which permits people to lead an individually, socially, and economically productive life" (1986) /.Historically what was killing us? - Answer-Infectious diseases (now more controlled) /.Now what is killing us? - Answer-Chronic diseases /.What is the U.S. ranked in crude death rate? - Answer-89th (out of 225 countries) /.What is the U.S. ranked in life expectancy? - Answer-50th (out of 223 countries) /.Do men or women have a higher life expectancy? - Answer-Women /.Morbidity - Answer-Incidence of a specific notifiable disease /.Mortality - Answer-Death rate /.What really kills us? - Answer-- Tobacco - Poor diet - Physical inactivity - Alcohol /.Contributors to mortality - Answer-- Most causes of death are behavior related - Social / environment factors may play a role - SES - Health care - Air / water quality /.Hypokinetic disease - Answer-Disease associated with a lack of exercise - Hypo = low or less - Kinetic = movement /.Leading causes of death in 1900 - Answer-- Pneumonia (11.8%) - Tuberculosis (11.3%) - Diarrhea and enteritis (8.3%) - Heart disease (6.2%) - Liver disease (5.2%) - Injuries (4.2%) - Cancer (3.7%) - Senility (2.9%) - Diptheria (2.3%) /.Leading causes of death (2007) - Answer-1. Heart disease 2. Cancer 3. Stroke 4. Chronic lower respiratory diseases 5. Accidents 6. Alzheimer's disease 7. Diabetes mellitus 8. Flu and pneumonia 9. Kidney disease 10. Septicemia /.Health disparities - Answer-Differences in health outcomes among groups /.Geographic disparities - Answer-Neighborhood and health disparities - Environmental contaminations - Crime rates - Green spaces - Transportation - High quality foods (fresh fruits and veggies) /.Sexual orientation - Answer-- GLBT youth are 2-3 times more likely to attempt suicide - Lesbians less likely to get preventative services for cancer - Gay men are at a higher risk for HIV and other STDs, esp. communities of color - Lesbians and bisexual females are more likely to be overweight or obese /.Income - Answer-- Influences access to material resources, health services - May change over time, and not reflect all sources of income, and not reflect changes in cost of living across communities - Wealth: includes additional material resources like home, possessions, inheritance /.Race/ethnic - Answer-- Cannot be explained by biological and genetic characteristics or even by socioeconomic factors alone - Differences in SEP contribute to racial/ethnic disparities