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Pathophysiology, 7th Edition g g g
Chapterg01:gIntroductiongtogPathophysiologygBanasik
:g
g
MULTIPLEgCHOICEg
g
1.gC.Q.gwasgrecentlygexposedgtoggroupgAghemolyticgStreptoc
occusgandgsubsequentlygdevelopedagpharyngealginfection.
gHisgclinicgexaminationgrevealsgangoralgtemperaturegofg10
2.3 F,gskingrash,gdysphagia,gandgreddenedgthroatgmucosa
gwithgmultiplegpustules.gHegcomplainsgofgsoregthroat,gmal
aise,gandgjointgstiffness.gAgthroatgculturegisgpositivegforgSt
reptococcus,gandgantibioticsghavegbeengprescribed.gTheget
iologygofgC.Q.’sgdiseasegisg
a. agsoregthroat.g
b. streptococcalginfection.g
c. geneticgsusceptibility.g
d. pharyngitis.g
ANS:gBg
Etiologygrefersgtogthegproposedgcausegorgcausesgofgagparticulargdiseasegprocess.gAgsoregthroa
tgisgthegmanifestationgofgthegdiseasegprocess.gGeneticgsusceptibilitygrefersgtoginheritedgtende
ncygtogdevelopgagdisease.gPharyngitisgrefersgtoginflammationgofgthegthroatgandgisgalsogagclini
calgmanifestationgofgthegdiseasegprocess.g
g
2.gAg17-year-oldgcollege-
boundgstudentgreceivesgagvaccinegagainstgangorganismgthatgcausesgmeningitis.gThisgisga
ngexamplegofga.gprimarygprevention.g
b. secondarygprevention.g
c. tertiarygprevention.g
d. diseasegtreatment.g
ANS:gAg
Primarygpreventiongisgpreventiongofgdiseasegbygalteringgsusceptibilitygorgreducinggexposuregf
orgsusceptiblegindividualsgbygprovidinggvaccination.gSecondarygpreventiongisgthegearlygdetec
tion,gscreening,gandgmanagementgofgthegdisease.gTertiarygpreventiongincludesgrehabilitativega
ndgsupportivegcaregandgattemptsgtogalleviategdisabilitygandgrestoregeffectivegfunctioning.gDis
easegtreatmentginvolvesgmanagementgofgthegdiseasegoncegitghasgdeveloped.g
g
3.gAngobesegbutgotherwiseghealthygteengisggivengagprescriptiongforgaglow-
caloriegdietgandgexercisegprogram.gThisgisgangexamplegofga.gprimarygprevention.g
b. secondarygprevention.g
c. tertiarygprevention.g
d. diseasegtreatment.g
ANS:gBg
Secondarygpreventiongisgthegearlygdetection,gscreening,gandgmanagementgofgthegdiseasegsuchg
gtrewg
, asgprescribinggdietgandgexercisegforgangindividualgwhoghasgalreadygdevelopedgobesity.gPrima
rygpreventiongisgpreventiongofgdiseasegbygalteringgsusceptibilitygorgreducinggexposuregforgsus
ceptiblegindividuals.gTertiarygpreventiongincludesgrehabilitativegandgsupportivegcaregandgatte
mptsgtogalleviategdisabilitygandgrestoregeffectivegfunctioning.gDiseasegtreatmentginvolvesgma
nagementgofgthegdiseasegoncegitghasgdeveloped.g
4.gAgpatientgwithghighgbloodgpressuregwhogisgotherwiseghealthygisgcounseledgtogrestrictgsodiu
mgintake.gThisgisgangexamplegofga.gprimarygprevention.g
b. secondarygprevention.g
c. tertiarygprevention.g
d. diseasegtreatment.g
ANS:gBg
Secondarygpreventiongisgthegearlygdetection,gscreening,gandgmanagementgofgthegdisease,gsuc
hgasgbygprescribinggsodiumgrestrictiongforghighgbloodgpressure.gPrimarygpreventiongisgpreve
ntiongofgdiseasegbygalteringgsusceptibilitygorgreducinggexposuregforgsusceptiblegindividuals.g
Tertiarygpreventiongincludesgrehabilitativegandgsupportivegcaregandgattemptsgtogalleviategdis
abilitygandgrestoregeffectivegfunctioning.gDiseasegtreatmentginvolvesgmanagementgofgthegdis
easegoncegitghasgdeveloped.g
g
5.gAftergsufferinggagheartgattack,gagmiddle-agedgmangisgcounseledgtogtakegagcholesterol-
loweringgmedication.gThisgisgangexamplegofga.gprimarygprevention.g
b. secondarygprevention.g
c. tertiarygprevention.g
d. diseasegtreatment.g
ANS:gCg
Tertiarygpreventiongincludesgrehabilitativegandgsupportivegcaregandgattemptsgtogalleviategdisab
ilitygandgrestoregeffectivegfunctioninggsuchgasgprescribinggagcholesterol-
loweringgmedicationgfollowinggagheartgattack.gPrimarygpreventiongisgpreventiongofgdiseasegbyg
N g
R
alteringgsusceptibilitygorgreducingge xpU o suS re g
IgfN orGgsT usB.Ccepti bOlegindivid
g g g
uals.gSecondarygpreventiongisgthegearlygdetection,gscreening,gandgmanagementgofgthegdisease.g
Diseasegtreatmentginvolvesgmanagementgofgthegdiseasegoncegitghasgdeveloped.g
g
6. Agpatientghasgbeengexposedgtogmeningococcalgmeningitis,gbutgisgnotgyetgdemonstratinggsigns
gofgthisgdisease.gThisgstagegofgillnessgisgcalledgtheg stage.ga.gprodromalg
b. latentg
c. sequelag
d. convalescenceg
ANS:gBg
Incubationgrefersgtogthegintervalgbetweengexposuregofgagtissuegtoganginjuriousgagentgandgthegf
irstgappearancegofgsignsgandgsymptoms.gInginfectiousgdiseases,gthisgperiodgisgoftengcalledgthe
gincubationg(latent)gperiod.gProdromalgrefersgtogthegappearancegofgthegfirstgsignsgandgsympto
msgindicatinggthegonsetgofgagdisease.gThesegaregoftengnonspecific,gsuchgasgheadache,gmalaise
,ganorexia,gandgnausea,gwhichgaregassociatedgwithgagnumbergofgdifferentgdiseases.gSequelagre
fersgtogsubsequentgpathologicgconditiongresultinggfromgagdisease.gConvalescencegisgthegstage
gofgrecoverygaftergagdisease,ginjury,gorgsurgicalgoperation.g
gtrewg
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,Nursedocs@2023g
Nursedocs@2023g
Pathophysiology, 7th Edition g g g
Chapterg01:gIntroductiongtogPathophysiologygBanasik
:g
g
MULTIPLEgCHOICEg
g
1.gC.Q.gwasgrecentlygexposedgtoggroupgAghemolyticgStreptoc
occusgandgsubsequentlygdevelopedagpharyngealginfection.
gHisgclinicgexaminationgrevealsgangoralgtemperaturegofg10
2.3 F,gskingrash,gdysphagia,gandgreddenedgthroatgmucosa
gwithgmultiplegpustules.gHegcomplainsgofgsoregthroat,gmal
aise,gandgjointgstiffness.gAgthroatgculturegisgpositivegforgSt
reptococcus,gandgantibioticsghavegbeengprescribed.gTheget
iologygofgC.Q.’sgdiseasegisg
a. agsoregthroat.g
b. streptococcalginfection.g
c. geneticgsusceptibility.g
d. pharyngitis.g
ANS:gBg
Etiologygrefersgtogthegproposedgcausegorgcausesgofgagparticulargdiseasegprocess.gAgsoregthroa
tgisgthegmanifestationgofgthegdiseasegprocess.gGeneticgsusceptibilitygrefersgtoginheritedgtende
ncygtogdevelopgagdisease.gPharyngitisgrefersgtoginflammationgofgthegthroatgandgisgalsogagclini
calgmanifestationgofgthegdiseasegprocess.g
g
2.gAg17-year-oldgcollege-
boundgstudentgreceivesgagvaccinegagainstgangorganismgthatgcausesgmeningitis.gThisgisga
ngexamplegofga.gprimarygprevention.g
b. secondarygprevention.g
c. tertiarygprevention.g
d. diseasegtreatment.g
ANS:gAg
Primarygpreventiongisgpreventiongofgdiseasegbygalteringgsusceptibilitygorgreducinggexposuregf
orgsusceptiblegindividualsgbygprovidinggvaccination.gSecondarygpreventiongisgthegearlygdetec
tion,gscreening,gandgmanagementgofgthegdisease.gTertiarygpreventiongincludesgrehabilitativega
ndgsupportivegcaregandgattemptsgtogalleviategdisabilitygandgrestoregeffectivegfunctioning.gDis
easegtreatmentginvolvesgmanagementgofgthegdiseasegoncegitghasgdeveloped.g
g
3.gAngobesegbutgotherwiseghealthygteengisggivengagprescriptiongforgaglow-
caloriegdietgandgexercisegprogram.gThisgisgangexamplegofga.gprimarygprevention.g
b. secondarygprevention.g
c. tertiarygprevention.g
d. diseasegtreatment.g
ANS:gBg
Secondarygpreventiongisgthegearlygdetection,gscreening,gandgmanagementgofgthegdiseasegsuchg
gtrewg
, asgprescribinggdietgandgexercisegforgangindividualgwhoghasgalreadygdevelopedgobesity.gPrima
rygpreventiongisgpreventiongofgdiseasegbygalteringgsusceptibilitygorgreducinggexposuregforgsus
ceptiblegindividuals.gTertiarygpreventiongincludesgrehabilitativegandgsupportivegcaregandgatte
mptsgtogalleviategdisabilitygandgrestoregeffectivegfunctioning.gDiseasegtreatmentginvolvesgma
nagementgofgthegdiseasegoncegitghasgdeveloped.g
4.gAgpatientgwithghighgbloodgpressuregwhogisgotherwiseghealthygisgcounseledgtogrestrictgsodiu
mgintake.gThisgisgangexamplegofga.gprimarygprevention.g
b. secondarygprevention.g
c. tertiarygprevention.g
d. diseasegtreatment.g
ANS:gBg
Secondarygpreventiongisgthegearlygdetection,gscreening,gandgmanagementgofgthegdisease,gsuc
hgasgbygprescribinggsodiumgrestrictiongforghighgbloodgpressure.gPrimarygpreventiongisgpreve
ntiongofgdiseasegbygalteringgsusceptibilitygorgreducinggexposuregforgsusceptiblegindividuals.g
Tertiarygpreventiongincludesgrehabilitativegandgsupportivegcaregandgattemptsgtogalleviategdis
abilitygandgrestoregeffectivegfunctioning.gDiseasegtreatmentginvolvesgmanagementgofgthegdis
easegoncegitghasgdeveloped.g
g
5.gAftergsufferinggagheartgattack,gagmiddle-agedgmangisgcounseledgtogtakegagcholesterol-
loweringgmedication.gThisgisgangexamplegofga.gprimarygprevention.g
b. secondarygprevention.g
c. tertiarygprevention.g
d. diseasegtreatment.g
ANS:gCg
Tertiarygpreventiongincludesgrehabilitativegandgsupportivegcaregandgattemptsgtogalleviategdisab
ilitygandgrestoregeffectivegfunctioninggsuchgasgprescribinggagcholesterol-
loweringgmedicationgfollowinggagheartgattack.gPrimarygpreventiongisgpreventiongofgdiseasegbyg
N g
R
alteringgsusceptibilitygorgreducingge xpU o suS re g
IgfN orGgsT usB.Ccepti bOlegindivid
g g g
uals.gSecondarygpreventiongisgthegearlygdetection,gscreening,gandgmanagementgofgthegdisease.g
Diseasegtreatmentginvolvesgmanagementgofgthegdiseasegoncegitghasgdeveloped.g
g
6. Agpatientghasgbeengexposedgtogmeningococcalgmeningitis,gbutgisgnotgyetgdemonstratinggsigns
gofgthisgdisease.gThisgstagegofgillnessgisgcalledgtheg stage.ga.gprodromalg
b. latentg
c. sequelag
d. convalescenceg
ANS:gBg
Incubationgrefersgtogthegintervalgbetweengexposuregofgagtissuegtoganginjuriousgagentgandgthegf
irstgappearancegofgsignsgandgsymptoms.gInginfectiousgdiseases,gthisgperiodgisgoftengcalledgthe
gincubationg(latent)gperiod.gProdromalgrefersgtogthegappearancegofgthegfirstgsignsgandgsympto
msgindicatinggthegonsetgofgagdisease.gThesegaregoftengnonspecific,gsuchgasgheadache,gmalaise
,ganorexia,gandgnausea,gwhichgaregassociatedgwithgagnumbergofgdifferentgdiseases.gSequelagre
fersgtogsubsequentgpathologicgconditiongresultinggfromgagdisease.gConvalescencegisgthegstage
gofgrecoverygaftergagdisease,ginjury,gorgsurgicalgoperation.g
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