NYU PHARMACOLOGY EXAM REVIEW 1
2026 FULL STUDY GUIDE WITH ACCURATE
ANSWERS
⩥ What is pharmacodynamics? Answer: ACTION:
Effects of drugs on the body. How drugs mimic the body's own chemical
receptors.
⩥ What is pharmacogenetics? Answer: How an individual's genetics
influence their response to a drug.
⩥ What are the phases of pharamcokinetics? Answer: 1. Absorption
2. Distribution
3. Metabolism
4. Excretion
⩥ What happens during absorption? Answer: The drug moves through
the GI tract into the bloodstream.
⩥ What happens during a drug's distribution?. Answer: 1. Some
metabolites of the drug will bind to proteins (typically albumin). This
causes inactivity.
, 2. Some metabolites will be free and unbound. These are active.
- Most drugs are 89% likely to bind,whereas less than 30% low protein
bound.
⩥ How does hypoalbuminemia affect drug distribution?. Answer: Lower
concentrations of these plasma proteins causes an excess availability of
the free drug to be active. This can cause toxicity.
⩥ As a nurse how can we prevent drug toxicity?. Answer: Always check
the plasma protein & albumin content of a patient's blood sample.
- It is important to note that patients with liver and kidney issues are at a
higher likelihood to develop drug toxicity.
⩥ What are examples of changes in blood flow that will interrupt a
drug's distribution, further leading to drug toxicities?. Answer: -
Wounds, abscesses, exudates, and tumors.
- Drug based affinities: some drugs can accumulate in fat, bone, liver
muscle, and eye tissue.
⩥ What factors can influence influence absorption?. Answer: -
Circulation
- Pain,stress
2026 FULL STUDY GUIDE WITH ACCURATE
ANSWERS
⩥ What is pharmacodynamics? Answer: ACTION:
Effects of drugs on the body. How drugs mimic the body's own chemical
receptors.
⩥ What is pharmacogenetics? Answer: How an individual's genetics
influence their response to a drug.
⩥ What are the phases of pharamcokinetics? Answer: 1. Absorption
2. Distribution
3. Metabolism
4. Excretion
⩥ What happens during absorption? Answer: The drug moves through
the GI tract into the bloodstream.
⩥ What happens during a drug's distribution?. Answer: 1. Some
metabolites of the drug will bind to proteins (typically albumin). This
causes inactivity.
, 2. Some metabolites will be free and unbound. These are active.
- Most drugs are 89% likely to bind,whereas less than 30% low protein
bound.
⩥ How does hypoalbuminemia affect drug distribution?. Answer: Lower
concentrations of these plasma proteins causes an excess availability of
the free drug to be active. This can cause toxicity.
⩥ As a nurse how can we prevent drug toxicity?. Answer: Always check
the plasma protein & albumin content of a patient's blood sample.
- It is important to note that patients with liver and kidney issues are at a
higher likelihood to develop drug toxicity.
⩥ What are examples of changes in blood flow that will interrupt a
drug's distribution, further leading to drug toxicities?. Answer: -
Wounds, abscesses, exudates, and tumors.
- Drug based affinities: some drugs can accumulate in fat, bone, liver
muscle, and eye tissue.
⩥ What factors can influence influence absorption?. Answer: -
Circulation
- Pain,stress
