Comprehensive High-Yield Pregnancy Physiology, Maternal Hemodynamic Changes, Dilutional Anemia, Hormonal Regulation of hCG, Progesterone, Estrogen, Human Placental Lactogen, Cortisol, Oxytocin, Fetal Development Milestones, Biophysical Profile Assessment,

Comprehensive High-Yield Pregnancy Physiology, Maternal Hemodynamic Changes, Dilutional Anemia, Hormonal Regulation of hCG, Progesterone, Estrogen, Human Placental Lactogen, Cortisol, Oxytocin, Fetal Development Milestones, Biophysical Profile Assessment, Amniotic Fluid Index, Placental Abnormalities, Preeclampsia, Eclampsia, HELLP Syndrome, Labor Stages, Vaginal and Perineal Laceration Classification, Twin Chorionicity, Gestational Diabetes Management, and Postpartum Complications Explained Questions Provided with Complete A+ Graded Rationales Latest Updated 2026 Why do pregnant women get anemia? due to the dilution effect - RBC rises 30%, but body volume rises 50% what are the degrees of vaginal laceration? First degree: skin Second Decree: muscle third degree: anus Fourth Degree: rectum What is vernix? Cheesy baby skin. (Protects the baby's skin from the outside world and helps with passage through the birth canal) What is meconium? First stool of baby What is lochia? Endometrial Slough. Normal discharge and uterus after birth. What is normal blood loss during a vaginal delivery? 500ml What is normal blood loss during a C-section? 1 L How do you treat A1 gestational diabetes? Diet/exercise Insulin What are identical twins? Eggs split into perfect halves "monochorionic" What are fraternal twins? Multiple eggs fertilized by different sperm What is ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome? Weight gain and enlarged ovaries after clomiphene is used for infertility. MOA: SERM- Estrogen Receptor Antagonist. Who makes the trophoblast? Baby Who makes the Cytotrophoblast? Mom production of GnRH, CRH, TRH, and Inhibin Who makes the Syncytiotrophoblast? Mom and baby production of HCG and HPL When does implantation occur? One week after fertilization When is beta HCG found in urine? 10 to 14 days after fertilization When beta HCG found in blood? 8 to 10 days after fertilization What makes progesterone in 10 to 12 weeks gestation Placenta What is the function of beta HCG? Maintains corpus luteum Sensitizes TSH receptors to make body thyroid more active ( to raise BMR) Basal metabolic rate What makes beta HCG? placenta How fast should beta HCG rise? Should double every two days until 10 weeks, stops when placenta is fully-formed What is the function of Alpha fetoprotein? Regulates fetal intravascular volume Tells me about wall defects neural tube and omphalocele and gastroschisis What is the function of human placental lactogen (HPL)? Blocks insulin receptors so baby can get glucose What is the function of inhibin? Inhibits FSH so there's no menstruation What is the function of cortisol in pregnancy? Prevents immune rejection of baby and for lung maturation What is the function of oxytocin? Milk & baby ejection What is the thyroid hormone levels during pregnancy? Increased TBG (thyroid binding globulin) -leads to increased total T4 - bound and free When can you first detect fetal heart tones? Week 20 When can you tell the sex of the baby by ultrasound? Week 16 What does an AFI a less than 5 indicate? Oligohydramnios- cord compression What does an AFI of greater than 20 indicate?