Sylvia Exam Master Guide: Comprehensive, High-Yield, Ultra-Detailed Immunology, Hematology, Transplant, and Lymphoma Verified Questions Provided with A+ Graded Rationales Latest Updated 2026

Sylvia Exam Master Guide: Comprehensive, High-Yield, Ultra-Detailed Immunology, Hematology, Transplant, and Lymphoma Verified Questions Provided with A+ Graded Rationales Latest Updated 2026 Which cytokine is released when a macrophages activated IL-1 [Causes fever, acute inflammation] Which cytokines do T helper cells stimulate all IL's except IL-1 Which enlarged lymph nodes are most likely malignant Supraclavicular, epitrochlear ( above the elbow), inguinal What is CD8? T-killer or T-suppressor cell, Responds to MHC-1 complex (self) Which of your cells express MHC-1? All nucleated cells except the immune-privileged cells/tissues, RBC's and Platelets What are the classifications of MHC-1 HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C [ex. HAL-B27] What are immuno-privileged sites? Areas of the body that have no lymphatic flow, no antigens, and these areas can be transplanted without fear of rejection, (brain, cornea, thymus, and testes) they do not express MHC-1 Which cells Express MHC-2 antigen presenting cells (macrophages, dendrite cells, and neutrophils) What are the classifications of MHC-2 HLA-DP, HLA-DQ, HLA-DR What are CD4 cells T-helper cell - Responds to MHC-2 (foreign attack) What type of immunity does TH1 provide Enhances cell mediated immunity What type of immunity does TH2 provide Enhances humoral immunity What do B cell deficiency patients die of Bacterial infection What is common variable immunodeficiency? Young adults with B cells that do not work. LOW Plasma cells & LOW immunoglobulins in labs What is bruton's agammaglobulinemia Kids (1 yo) what's defective tyrosine kinase; they have no antibodies x-linked transmission. No B-cell differentiation Symptoms: recurrent sinus, otitis media infections & tonsil, lymph node Is Job's syndrome [Hyper IgE] Seen in red-headed females stuck in the IgE stage. High IgE, INC. eosinophils. Symptoms: baby teeth, abscesses, eczema What is multiple myeloma (overproduction of IgG) Multiple osteolytic lesions, increased IgG and Kappa light chains, rouleaux formation seen on Slide What is heavy chain disease IgA and multiple myeloma of GI tract What is selective IgG2 deficiency Seen in patients with recurrent encapsulated infections What is selective IgA deficiency Seen in transfusion, anaphylaxis, and mucus membrane infections. Patient doesn't have IgA but Donor does have IgA so they clash What is hairy cell leukemia cells have fried egg/sunburst appearance and TRAP+ What is ataxia telangiectasia Patients have low IgA and neurological problems, difficulty ambulating and spider like blood vessels ATM gene: Ataxia, Telangiectasia, spider Angiomas/IgA What is hyper-IgM syndrome? high IgM and all other Ig's are low What do T Cell deficiency patients die of Viral infections, fungal, etc All except bacteria What is DiGeorge syndrome? No thymus/inferior parathyroids, low Ca2+ What is mucocutaneous candidiasis T-cell defect against candida albicans and chronic fatigue What is SCID? no thymus (no t-cells), frayed long bones (no B-cells), and baby dies by 18 months, absence of thymic shadow What is wiskott aldrich low IgM, low platelets, high IgA and IgE, Eczema, petechiae and x-linked WATER: Wiskott-Aldrich, Thrombocytopenia, Eczema, Recurrent infections What does the HIV viral load tell you Progression of HIV What organs have the most CD4 receptors Blood vessels, brain, testicles, cervix, rectum What are the three tests used to screen for HIV ELISA: detects IgG Ab to p24 Ag Western blot: proteins PCR: detec