UCLA EMT TRAUMA MODULE 2026 COMPLETE
STUDY PACK WITH SOLUTIONS
◉ Hypoperfusion. Answer: inadequate flow of blood: i.e. SHOCK
◉ Hypovolemic shock. Answer: shock resulting from blood or fluid loss
- can be a result of bleeding, burns, or dehydration
◉ Distributive shock. Answer: widespread vasodilation
- can be caused by SEPSIS
◉ Sepsis. Answer: - Severe infection that has an initial point then
spreads throughout bloodstream
- Toxins from infection destroy vessel walls, leading to capillary
permeability & reduced intravascular fluid
◉ How to treat septic shock?. Answer: POWR: Position (supine), O2,
Warmth, Rapid transport
◉ Neurogenic shock. Answer: loss of control of muscular tone of blood
vessels (due to a spinal cord injury & damage to the nervous system)
,◉ Symptoms of neurogenic shock. Answer: hypotension and
bradycardia (only vagus signal bc of sympathetic damage)
- usually warm, dry skin below injury (unlike other types of shock)
◉ Anaphylactic shock. Answer: Severe allergic reaction that leads to
widespread vasodilation
◉ Anaphylactic shock symptoms. Answer: - Increased vascular
permeability
- Bronchoconstriction
- Stridor
- Hives, edema, itching
◉ 4 types of skull fractures. Answer: - linear, depressed, open, basilar
◉ Linear skull fracture. Answer: A simple crack in the skull
- least deadly
- most common
- usually perpendicular to suture in skull
◉ Depressed skull fracture. Answer: Inward indentation of the skull with
possible pressure on brain
, - Usually caused from direct trauma to skull (I.e. baseball bat to head)
- Will feel abnormal
◉ Open skull fracture. Answer: a skull fracture with an associated open
wound to the overlying scalp
- pierced brain cavity
- worst injury, most deadly
◉ Basilar skull fracture. Answer: - Fracture at the base of the skull
- leak in cranial vault (usually occurs at high speeds)
◉ Symptoms of basilar skull fracture (& when will they show up).
Answer: - Raccoon eyes (bruises around/underneath)
- Battle's sign: red circular bruises behind ears
- Symptoms will usually show up a day after major trauma (takes a
while for blood to pool causing symptoms)
◉ TBI. Answer: Traumatic brain injury: injury capable of producing
physical, intellectual, emotional, social, vocation changes
◉ Primary TBI. Answer: Immediate injury from bruising or penetrating
objects
STUDY PACK WITH SOLUTIONS
◉ Hypoperfusion. Answer: inadequate flow of blood: i.e. SHOCK
◉ Hypovolemic shock. Answer: shock resulting from blood or fluid loss
- can be a result of bleeding, burns, or dehydration
◉ Distributive shock. Answer: widespread vasodilation
- can be caused by SEPSIS
◉ Sepsis. Answer: - Severe infection that has an initial point then
spreads throughout bloodstream
- Toxins from infection destroy vessel walls, leading to capillary
permeability & reduced intravascular fluid
◉ How to treat septic shock?. Answer: POWR: Position (supine), O2,
Warmth, Rapid transport
◉ Neurogenic shock. Answer: loss of control of muscular tone of blood
vessels (due to a spinal cord injury & damage to the nervous system)
,◉ Symptoms of neurogenic shock. Answer: hypotension and
bradycardia (only vagus signal bc of sympathetic damage)
- usually warm, dry skin below injury (unlike other types of shock)
◉ Anaphylactic shock. Answer: Severe allergic reaction that leads to
widespread vasodilation
◉ Anaphylactic shock symptoms. Answer: - Increased vascular
permeability
- Bronchoconstriction
- Stridor
- Hives, edema, itching
◉ 4 types of skull fractures. Answer: - linear, depressed, open, basilar
◉ Linear skull fracture. Answer: A simple crack in the skull
- least deadly
- most common
- usually perpendicular to suture in skull
◉ Depressed skull fracture. Answer: Inward indentation of the skull with
possible pressure on brain
, - Usually caused from direct trauma to skull (I.e. baseball bat to head)
- Will feel abnormal
◉ Open skull fracture. Answer: a skull fracture with an associated open
wound to the overlying scalp
- pierced brain cavity
- worst injury, most deadly
◉ Basilar skull fracture. Answer: - Fracture at the base of the skull
- leak in cranial vault (usually occurs at high speeds)
◉ Symptoms of basilar skull fracture (& when will they show up).
Answer: - Raccoon eyes (bruises around/underneath)
- Battle's sign: red circular bruises behind ears
- Symptoms will usually show up a day after major trauma (takes a
while for blood to pool causing symptoms)
◉ TBI. Answer: Traumatic brain injury: injury capable of producing
physical, intellectual, emotional, social, vocation changes
◉ Primary TBI. Answer: Immediate injury from bruising or penetrating
objects
