UTMB Adult 1: Test 2 Exam Actual
Questions and Answers 2026
BOWEL ELIMINATION -
FACTORS AFFECTING BOWEL ELIMINATION: Fluid Intake -
correct answer ✅-3L per day for men and 2.2 L per day for women
- An inadequate fluid intake or disturbances resulting in fluid loss
(such as vomiting) affect the character of feces.
- fluid liquifies intestinal contents by absorbing into the fiber from
the diet and creating a larger, softer stool mass. this increases
peristalsis and promotes movement of stool through the colon.
- Reduced fluid and fiber intake slows passage of food through the
intestine and results in hardening of stool contents, causing
constipation.
FACTORS AFFECTING BOWEL MOVEMENT: Physical activity -
correct answer ✅- Physical activity promotes peristalsis, where as
immobilization depresses it.
- Encourage early ambulation as illness begins to resolve or as soon
as possible after surgery.
- Muscle tone is sometimes weakened or lost as a result of a long-
term illness, spinal cord injury, or neurological diseases that impair
nerve transmissions.
,UTMB Adult 1: Test 2 Exam Actual
Questions and Answers 2026
FACTORS AFFECTING BOWEL MOVEMENT: Psychological factors -
correct answer ✅- Prolonges emotional stress impairs the
function.
- During emotional stress the digestive process is accelerated, and
peristalsis is increased (diarrheas, gas)
- If a person becomes depressed the automatic nervous system may
slow impulses that decrease peristalsis, resulting in constipation.
FACTORS AFFECTING BOWEL MOVEMENT: Personal habits -
correct answer ✅- Personal elimination habits influence bowel
function.
- A busy work schedule sometimes prevents the individual from
responding appropriately to the urge to defecate, disrupting regular
habits and causing possible constipation.
FACTORS AFFECTING BOWEL MOVEMENT: Position during
defecation -
correct answer ✅- Normal position is squatting
- In a supine position it is hard to effectively contract the muscles
used during defecation (immobilized patient). Raise the head of a
bed to a more normal sitting position
,UTMB Adult 1: Test 2 Exam Actual
Questions and Answers 2026
FACTORS AFFECTING BOWEL MOVEMENT: Pain -
correct answer ✅- When pain is felt the patient often suppresses
the urge to defecate to avoid pain, contributing to the development
of constipation.
FACTORS AFFECTING BOWEL MOVEMENT: Pregnancy -
correct answer ✅- As pregnancy advances, the size of the fetus
increases, and pressure is exerted on the rectum.
- A temporary obstruction created by the fetus impairs passage of
feces.
- Slowing of peristalsis during the 3rd trimester often leads to
constipation.
FACTORS AFFECTING BOWEL MOVEMENT: Surgery and anesthesia -
correct answer ✅- Anesthetic agents cause temporary cessation of
peristalsis.
- Inhaled anesthetic agents block parasympathetic impulses to the
intestinal musculature. The action of the anesthetic slows or stops
peristaltic waves.
- Patient with local/regional anesthesia has minimal effects on
elimination
, UTMB Adult 1: Test 2 Exam Actual
Questions and Answers 2026
- Ileus: any surgery that involves the direct manipulation of the
bowel temporarily stops peristalsis. It usually lasts about 24 to 48
hours.
- If patient is not active or not eating after surgery, bowel
elimination id further delayed.
FACTORS AFFECTING BOWEL MOVEMENT: Medications -
correct answer ✅- Many medications have secondary effects on
bowel elimination
- Opioid slow peristalsis and contractions resulting in constipation
- Antibiotics decrease intestinal bacterial flora, often resulting in
diarrhea
- Laxatives: promote defecation. The first one that should be given
is called fiber laxative if that doesn't work then use osmotic
laxative.
- Cathartics: control diarrhea
- Patients need to avoid regular use a laxative because the intestine
often becomes dependent on it
FACTORS AFFECTING BOWEL MOVEMENT: Diagnostic tests -
correct answer ✅- Diagnostic tests involving visualization of GI
Questions and Answers 2026
BOWEL ELIMINATION -
FACTORS AFFECTING BOWEL ELIMINATION: Fluid Intake -
correct answer ✅-3L per day for men and 2.2 L per day for women
- An inadequate fluid intake or disturbances resulting in fluid loss
(such as vomiting) affect the character of feces.
- fluid liquifies intestinal contents by absorbing into the fiber from
the diet and creating a larger, softer stool mass. this increases
peristalsis and promotes movement of stool through the colon.
- Reduced fluid and fiber intake slows passage of food through the
intestine and results in hardening of stool contents, causing
constipation.
FACTORS AFFECTING BOWEL MOVEMENT: Physical activity -
correct answer ✅- Physical activity promotes peristalsis, where as
immobilization depresses it.
- Encourage early ambulation as illness begins to resolve or as soon
as possible after surgery.
- Muscle tone is sometimes weakened or lost as a result of a long-
term illness, spinal cord injury, or neurological diseases that impair
nerve transmissions.
,UTMB Adult 1: Test 2 Exam Actual
Questions and Answers 2026
FACTORS AFFECTING BOWEL MOVEMENT: Psychological factors -
correct answer ✅- Prolonges emotional stress impairs the
function.
- During emotional stress the digestive process is accelerated, and
peristalsis is increased (diarrheas, gas)
- If a person becomes depressed the automatic nervous system may
slow impulses that decrease peristalsis, resulting in constipation.
FACTORS AFFECTING BOWEL MOVEMENT: Personal habits -
correct answer ✅- Personal elimination habits influence bowel
function.
- A busy work schedule sometimes prevents the individual from
responding appropriately to the urge to defecate, disrupting regular
habits and causing possible constipation.
FACTORS AFFECTING BOWEL MOVEMENT: Position during
defecation -
correct answer ✅- Normal position is squatting
- In a supine position it is hard to effectively contract the muscles
used during defecation (immobilized patient). Raise the head of a
bed to a more normal sitting position
,UTMB Adult 1: Test 2 Exam Actual
Questions and Answers 2026
FACTORS AFFECTING BOWEL MOVEMENT: Pain -
correct answer ✅- When pain is felt the patient often suppresses
the urge to defecate to avoid pain, contributing to the development
of constipation.
FACTORS AFFECTING BOWEL MOVEMENT: Pregnancy -
correct answer ✅- As pregnancy advances, the size of the fetus
increases, and pressure is exerted on the rectum.
- A temporary obstruction created by the fetus impairs passage of
feces.
- Slowing of peristalsis during the 3rd trimester often leads to
constipation.
FACTORS AFFECTING BOWEL MOVEMENT: Surgery and anesthesia -
correct answer ✅- Anesthetic agents cause temporary cessation of
peristalsis.
- Inhaled anesthetic agents block parasympathetic impulses to the
intestinal musculature. The action of the anesthetic slows or stops
peristaltic waves.
- Patient with local/regional anesthesia has minimal effects on
elimination
, UTMB Adult 1: Test 2 Exam Actual
Questions and Answers 2026
- Ileus: any surgery that involves the direct manipulation of the
bowel temporarily stops peristalsis. It usually lasts about 24 to 48
hours.
- If patient is not active or not eating after surgery, bowel
elimination id further delayed.
FACTORS AFFECTING BOWEL MOVEMENT: Medications -
correct answer ✅- Many medications have secondary effects on
bowel elimination
- Opioid slow peristalsis and contractions resulting in constipation
- Antibiotics decrease intestinal bacterial flora, often resulting in
diarrhea
- Laxatives: promote defecation. The first one that should be given
is called fiber laxative if that doesn't work then use osmotic
laxative.
- Cathartics: control diarrhea
- Patients need to avoid regular use a laxative because the intestine
often becomes dependent on it
FACTORS AFFECTING BOWEL MOVEMENT: Diagnostic tests -
correct answer ✅- Diagnostic tests involving visualization of GI
