USMLE Step 1 Hematology
What transporter is found on Erythrocytes and what is the function? ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER
✓✓HCO3-/Cl- antiporter
HCO3- leaves the RBC and Cl- moves into RBC (chloride shift)
Source of energy for RBC and how is it used? ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓GLUCOSE
- 90% in glycolysis
- 10% in HMP shunt
Platelets
a. Life span
b. Function
c. Where are they stored? ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓a. 8-10 days
b. Primary hemostasis (forms platelet plug by aggregating and sticking to fibrinogen)
c. Spleen (1/3 of them are there)
Granules of Platelets contain ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Dense granules: ADP, Ca+2. TXA2
alpha granules: vWF, Fibrinogen
Thrombopoietin
a. Made where?
,b. Function ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓a. Liver and kidney
b. Causes megakaryocytes to proliferate/differentiate and make platelets
vWF receptor on platelet ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Gp Ib
Fibrinogen receptor on platelet ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Gp IIb/IIIa
Thrombocytopenia results in ____. ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Petechiae
Neutrophilic specific granules contain what? ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓ALP (alkaline
phosphatase)
Lysozyme
Collagenase
Lactoferrin
Neutrophilic Lysosomes contain what? ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Myeloperoxidase
Beta-glucuronidase
Acid phosphatase
Proteinases
Neutrophilic chemotactic agents ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓C5a
LTB4 (leukotriene)
IL-8
Platelet-activating Factor (PAF)
Kalikrein
,Band Cells have decreased _____ receptors. ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Fc receptors (CD16)
Hyper segmented PMNs are seen in ______. ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓B12/Folate
deficiency
Increased band cells are seen in _____. ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Myeloid proliferation
Causes of neutrophilia ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓- Leukocyte adhesion deficiency
- Corticosteroid use
- Acute bacterial infections
- Tissue necrosis
Agranulocytosis
a. What is it?
b. Etiology
c. S/S ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓a. Extremely low neutrophil count (near absent) w/
normal Hb and platelet count
b. (Agranulocytosis Certainly Causes Pretty Major Collapse To Defense Cells)
- Clozapine
- Colchicine
- Propythiouracil
- Methimazole
- Chloramphenicol
- Ticlopidine
, - Dapsone
- Carbamazepine
c.
- Necrotizing ulcers in mouth and throat
- Increased risk of life-threatening infections
Inherited Neutrophil Abnormalities ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓- Leukocyte adhesion
deficiency
- Chronic Granulomatous Disease
- Myeloperoxidase Deficiency
- Chediak-Higashi Syndrome
Function of Eosinophils ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓- Defend against helminthic infections
by secreting Major Basic protein (helminthotoxin)
- Regulates immediate type hypersensitivity reactions by releasing histaminase to inactivate
histamine and leukotrienes
Causes of Eosinophilia ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓(NAACP)
- Neoplasia (hodgkin lymphoma due to increased IL-5)
- Allergies/Asthma
- Addison's Disease, Athero-embolic Disease
- Chronic adrenal insufficiency, Collagen Vascular Disease
- Parasites (invasive)
What transporter is found on Erythrocytes and what is the function? ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER
✓✓HCO3-/Cl- antiporter
HCO3- leaves the RBC and Cl- moves into RBC (chloride shift)
Source of energy for RBC and how is it used? ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓GLUCOSE
- 90% in glycolysis
- 10% in HMP shunt
Platelets
a. Life span
b. Function
c. Where are they stored? ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓a. 8-10 days
b. Primary hemostasis (forms platelet plug by aggregating and sticking to fibrinogen)
c. Spleen (1/3 of them are there)
Granules of Platelets contain ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Dense granules: ADP, Ca+2. TXA2
alpha granules: vWF, Fibrinogen
Thrombopoietin
a. Made where?
,b. Function ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓a. Liver and kidney
b. Causes megakaryocytes to proliferate/differentiate and make platelets
vWF receptor on platelet ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Gp Ib
Fibrinogen receptor on platelet ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Gp IIb/IIIa
Thrombocytopenia results in ____. ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Petechiae
Neutrophilic specific granules contain what? ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓ALP (alkaline
phosphatase)
Lysozyme
Collagenase
Lactoferrin
Neutrophilic Lysosomes contain what? ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Myeloperoxidase
Beta-glucuronidase
Acid phosphatase
Proteinases
Neutrophilic chemotactic agents ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓C5a
LTB4 (leukotriene)
IL-8
Platelet-activating Factor (PAF)
Kalikrein
,Band Cells have decreased _____ receptors. ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Fc receptors (CD16)
Hyper segmented PMNs are seen in ______. ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓B12/Folate
deficiency
Increased band cells are seen in _____. ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Myeloid proliferation
Causes of neutrophilia ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓- Leukocyte adhesion deficiency
- Corticosteroid use
- Acute bacterial infections
- Tissue necrosis
Agranulocytosis
a. What is it?
b. Etiology
c. S/S ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓a. Extremely low neutrophil count (near absent) w/
normal Hb and platelet count
b. (Agranulocytosis Certainly Causes Pretty Major Collapse To Defense Cells)
- Clozapine
- Colchicine
- Propythiouracil
- Methimazole
- Chloramphenicol
- Ticlopidine
, - Dapsone
- Carbamazepine
c.
- Necrotizing ulcers in mouth and throat
- Increased risk of life-threatening infections
Inherited Neutrophil Abnormalities ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓- Leukocyte adhesion
deficiency
- Chronic Granulomatous Disease
- Myeloperoxidase Deficiency
- Chediak-Higashi Syndrome
Function of Eosinophils ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓- Defend against helminthic infections
by secreting Major Basic protein (helminthotoxin)
- Regulates immediate type hypersensitivity reactions by releasing histaminase to inactivate
histamine and leukotrienes
Causes of Eosinophilia ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓(NAACP)
- Neoplasia (hodgkin lymphoma due to increased IL-5)
- Allergies/Asthma
- Addison's Disease, Athero-embolic Disease
- Chronic adrenal insufficiency, Collagen Vascular Disease
- Parasites (invasive)
