CPACC Questions and Answers.
How common are disabilities? - Answer~1 in every 5 people (about 20%) has a disability of some
kind
Types of Disabilities - Answer- Recognizable
- Hidden
- Temporary
- Age-Related
Print Disabilities - Answer disability that prevents an individual from gaining information from
printed material; requires the use of alternative methods to access the material
Screen readers - Answer Devices that many people with visual impairments use to access the Web,
which read aloud Web page text and descriptions that a user selects ONLY if the content is accessible
Assistive Technologies - Answer Software and devices used to maintain, increase, or improve the
functional capabilities of individuals with disabilities.
They do not completely compensate for the disability. People who create the environments must
create them with accessibility in mind in order for the assistive technologies to be most effective.
Assistive Technology for Blindness - Answer- Screen readers
- Refreshable Braille devices
Assistive Technology for Low Vision - Answer- Screen enlargers
- Screen readers
Assistive Technology for Colour Blindness - Answer- Colour enhancement overlays or glasses
Assistive Technology for Deafness - Answer- Captions
- Transcripts
,Assistive Technology for Motor/Mobility Disabilities - Answer- Head wand
- Mouth stick
- Alternative keyboards
- Eye gaze tracking
- Voice Activation
Assistive Technology for Cognitive Disabilities - Answer- Screen readers
- Screen overlays
- Augmentative communication aids
The Digital Accessibility Revolution - Answer the Web Enables Unprecedented Access to Information
for the Blind
The Web Enables Unprecedented Access to Commerce for People with Mobility Impairments
Which statements are true? (Select all that apply)
A. For people with disabilities, the Internet is an obstacle that cannot be overcome even with
assistive technology.
B. The term "assistive technology" applies only to computer use and Internet access.
C. the Internet is an important part of the solution for disability access.
D. Making a website accessible to people with disabilities makes it less accessible for other users. -
Answer. The Internet is an important part of the solution for disability access.
Who uses assistive technology? (Select all that apply)
A. Only people who use handicapped entrances to buildings
B. People who wear glasses or contact lenses
C. People who wear hearing aids
D. People with motor disabilities - Answer. People who wear glasses or contact lenses
C. People who wear hearing aids
D. People with motor disabilities
,True or False: There are many forms of disabilities that are not obvious to an observer. - Answer
True
Medical Model - Answer Disability is viewed as a problem that is caused by medically-diagnosed
genetic disorders, disease, trauma, or other health conditions. Disability is treated as a biological
problem that diminishes quality of life and needs to be treated with professional medical care.
The legal definition of disabilities often relies on the assumptions of the medical model.
Strengths of the Medical Model - Answer Explicitly acknowledges that there is a biological condition
that places an individual at a disadvantage compared to the majority of the population.
A clearly-defined set of biological criteria helps medical professionals make important treatment
decisions and the government to decide who gets assistance.
Weaknesses of the Medical Model - Answer frequently criticized by disability advocates.
- Overlooks the impact of the design decisions in our social environment
- Labels and stigmatizes the person as different and "less than" the rest of the population
- People who do not fit within the clearly-defined definitions may be denied benefits that they need
- Adds a level of inconvenient bureaucracy by having to "prove" your disability repeatedly
Social Model - Answer the social model points out that society creates disabling conditions. To a
large extent, "disability" is an avoidable condition caused by poor design.
The social model doesn't deny that there is a biological or medical component to disability. It merely
points out that more inclusive designs can remove the barriers that people with disabilities face in
their everyday lives.
Strengths of the Social Model - Answer Empowers people with disabilities by removing the stigma
often associated with physical impairments.
Empowers designers of physical and virtual environments to think broadly about usability for all
kinds of humans. Inclusive designs sometimes require more creative thinking, but this can be a
, benefit, because the resulting designs are often better for everyone, not just for people with
disabilities.
Weaknesses of the Social Model - Answer The social model can de-emphasize the physical reality of
a disability too much.
They argue that a person's disability can be an important part of one's identity, and it shouldn't be
minimized to the point that people are afraid to talk about it. Accepting and "owning" one's
disability can be very healthy from an emotional and psychological perspective.
Functional Solutions Model - Answer The functional solutions model takes a practical approach to
disability by identifying the functional impairments, or limitations, that are a result of disability. The
model then seeks out solutions for eradicating these limitations through advancements in
technology or methodology.
There is less of a focus on the social and political aspects of disability, but more focus on applying
innovation to overcoming the limitations of disability.
Strengths of the Functional Solutions Model - Answer Focuses on results that benefit people with
disabilities. It takes a real-world approach to finding solutions that work, without getting hung up on
theoretical or political questions. It instead puts energy into ideas, technologies, and innovations
that improve the lives of people with disabilities.
Weaknesses of the Functional Solutions Model - Answer Sometimes innovative solutions are not the
most useful solution to broader problems, which may be a result of the social and environmental
barriers people with disabilities face.
If accessibility professionals are too focused on creating practical technological solutions, they may
miss opportunities to address the larger social context.
Sometimes addressing the larger social context works so well that it can make a specific
technological solution obsolete.
Social Identity or Cultural Affiliation Model - Answer People with disabilities may develop a sense of
personal identity through consorting with others who share similar life experiences based on their
disability. Together, the group develops a sense of culture based on these shared experiences.
How common are disabilities? - Answer~1 in every 5 people (about 20%) has a disability of some
kind
Types of Disabilities - Answer- Recognizable
- Hidden
- Temporary
- Age-Related
Print Disabilities - Answer disability that prevents an individual from gaining information from
printed material; requires the use of alternative methods to access the material
Screen readers - Answer Devices that many people with visual impairments use to access the Web,
which read aloud Web page text and descriptions that a user selects ONLY if the content is accessible
Assistive Technologies - Answer Software and devices used to maintain, increase, or improve the
functional capabilities of individuals with disabilities.
They do not completely compensate for the disability. People who create the environments must
create them with accessibility in mind in order for the assistive technologies to be most effective.
Assistive Technology for Blindness - Answer- Screen readers
- Refreshable Braille devices
Assistive Technology for Low Vision - Answer- Screen enlargers
- Screen readers
Assistive Technology for Colour Blindness - Answer- Colour enhancement overlays or glasses
Assistive Technology for Deafness - Answer- Captions
- Transcripts
,Assistive Technology for Motor/Mobility Disabilities - Answer- Head wand
- Mouth stick
- Alternative keyboards
- Eye gaze tracking
- Voice Activation
Assistive Technology for Cognitive Disabilities - Answer- Screen readers
- Screen overlays
- Augmentative communication aids
The Digital Accessibility Revolution - Answer the Web Enables Unprecedented Access to Information
for the Blind
The Web Enables Unprecedented Access to Commerce for People with Mobility Impairments
Which statements are true? (Select all that apply)
A. For people with disabilities, the Internet is an obstacle that cannot be overcome even with
assistive technology.
B. The term "assistive technology" applies only to computer use and Internet access.
C. the Internet is an important part of the solution for disability access.
D. Making a website accessible to people with disabilities makes it less accessible for other users. -
Answer. The Internet is an important part of the solution for disability access.
Who uses assistive technology? (Select all that apply)
A. Only people who use handicapped entrances to buildings
B. People who wear glasses or contact lenses
C. People who wear hearing aids
D. People with motor disabilities - Answer. People who wear glasses or contact lenses
C. People who wear hearing aids
D. People with motor disabilities
,True or False: There are many forms of disabilities that are not obvious to an observer. - Answer
True
Medical Model - Answer Disability is viewed as a problem that is caused by medically-diagnosed
genetic disorders, disease, trauma, or other health conditions. Disability is treated as a biological
problem that diminishes quality of life and needs to be treated with professional medical care.
The legal definition of disabilities often relies on the assumptions of the medical model.
Strengths of the Medical Model - Answer Explicitly acknowledges that there is a biological condition
that places an individual at a disadvantage compared to the majority of the population.
A clearly-defined set of biological criteria helps medical professionals make important treatment
decisions and the government to decide who gets assistance.
Weaknesses of the Medical Model - Answer frequently criticized by disability advocates.
- Overlooks the impact of the design decisions in our social environment
- Labels and stigmatizes the person as different and "less than" the rest of the population
- People who do not fit within the clearly-defined definitions may be denied benefits that they need
- Adds a level of inconvenient bureaucracy by having to "prove" your disability repeatedly
Social Model - Answer the social model points out that society creates disabling conditions. To a
large extent, "disability" is an avoidable condition caused by poor design.
The social model doesn't deny that there is a biological or medical component to disability. It merely
points out that more inclusive designs can remove the barriers that people with disabilities face in
their everyday lives.
Strengths of the Social Model - Answer Empowers people with disabilities by removing the stigma
often associated with physical impairments.
Empowers designers of physical and virtual environments to think broadly about usability for all
kinds of humans. Inclusive designs sometimes require more creative thinking, but this can be a
, benefit, because the resulting designs are often better for everyone, not just for people with
disabilities.
Weaknesses of the Social Model - Answer The social model can de-emphasize the physical reality of
a disability too much.
They argue that a person's disability can be an important part of one's identity, and it shouldn't be
minimized to the point that people are afraid to talk about it. Accepting and "owning" one's
disability can be very healthy from an emotional and psychological perspective.
Functional Solutions Model - Answer The functional solutions model takes a practical approach to
disability by identifying the functional impairments, or limitations, that are a result of disability. The
model then seeks out solutions for eradicating these limitations through advancements in
technology or methodology.
There is less of a focus on the social and political aspects of disability, but more focus on applying
innovation to overcoming the limitations of disability.
Strengths of the Functional Solutions Model - Answer Focuses on results that benefit people with
disabilities. It takes a real-world approach to finding solutions that work, without getting hung up on
theoretical or political questions. It instead puts energy into ideas, technologies, and innovations
that improve the lives of people with disabilities.
Weaknesses of the Functional Solutions Model - Answer Sometimes innovative solutions are not the
most useful solution to broader problems, which may be a result of the social and environmental
barriers people with disabilities face.
If accessibility professionals are too focused on creating practical technological solutions, they may
miss opportunities to address the larger social context.
Sometimes addressing the larger social context works so well that it can make a specific
technological solution obsolete.
Social Identity or Cultural Affiliation Model - Answer People with disabilities may develop a sense of
personal identity through consorting with others who share similar life experiences based on their
disability. Together, the group develops a sense of culture based on these shared experiences.
