IAAP CPACC CERTIFICATION PREP
Questions and Answers.
ARIA - Answer an acronym for "Accessible Rich Internet Applications".
A set of attributes you can add to HTML elements that define ways to make web content and
applications accessible to users with disabilities who use assistive technologies.
An example - "When accessibility issues cannot be managed with native HTML, ARIA can help bridge
those gaps."
Disabilities on the Web - Answer the disabilities that matter most in terms of their effect on web use
are disabilities in the eyes, ears, hands, and brain
Blind people (Printed Disability) - Answer- can't read signs on buildings
- Product packaging
- Business cards
- Postal mail sent to their home
- Any printed text
A blind person's methods of receiving information depend on other people. (Before Screen Readers)
Screen Readers - Answer Allow blind people to access information independently, without having to
direct assistance from anyone else
Assistive Technologies and the Web - Answer Blindness
- screen readers
- Refreshable braille devices
Colour Blindness
- colour enhancement overlaps or glasses
Low Vision
,- screen enlargers
- screen readers
Deafness
- Captions
- Transcripts
Motor/Mobility Disabilities
- Head wand
- Mouth stick
- Alternative keyboards
- Eye gaze tracking
- Voice activation
Cognitive Disabilities
- screen readers
- screen overlaps
- Augmentative communication aids
Medical Model of Disability - Answer Disability is viewed as a problem that is caused by medically-
diagnosed genetic disorders, disease, trauma, or other health conditions. Disability is treated as a
biological problem that diminishes quality of life and needs to be treated with professional medical
care.
Strengths of the Medical Model - Answer- A clearly-defined set of biological criteria to diagnose a
person's condition helps medical professionals make important decisions in terms of treatment
- When deciding who should receive government assistance, a clearly-defined set of criteria helps
inform those decisions
Weaknesses of the Medical Model - Answer frequently criticized by disability advocates.
- Overlooks the impact of the design decisions in our social environment
, - Labels and stigmatizes the person as different and "less than" the rest of the population
- People who do not fit within the clearly-defined definitions may be denied benefits that they need
- Adds a level of inconvenient bureaucracy by having to "prove" your disability repeatedly
Social Model of Disability - Answer The social model doesn't deny that there is a biological or
medical component to disability. It merely points out that more inclusive designs can remove the
barriers that people with disabilities face in their everyday lives. It also provides a meaningful
context for accessibility professionals.
Strengths of the Social Model - Answer- The expectation is that society will create more inclusive
environments, and not that people with disabilities need to accept a lower quality of life simply
because of their bodies do not conform to "normal" expectations.
- Empowers designers of physical and virtual environments to think broadly about usability for all
kinds of humans
Weaknesses of the Social Model - Answer The social model can de-emphasize the physical reality of
a disability too much.
They argue that a person's disability can be an important part of one's identity, and it shouldn't be
minimized to the point that people are afraid to talk about it. Accepting and "owning" one's
disability can be very healthy from an emotional and psychological perspective.
Bio psychosocial Model - Answer Recognizes that disability is a concept and multi-faceted concepts
and incorporates the perspectives of the medical and social models. A coherent view of different
perspectives of health: biological, individual and social
Economic Model of Disability - Answer way of understanding and representing disabled people in
terms of their contribution to or drain on the economy.
Strength:
- Provides accommodations for a person's disability
Weakness:
- Can be viewed as "needy" members of society.
Questions and Answers.
ARIA - Answer an acronym for "Accessible Rich Internet Applications".
A set of attributes you can add to HTML elements that define ways to make web content and
applications accessible to users with disabilities who use assistive technologies.
An example - "When accessibility issues cannot be managed with native HTML, ARIA can help bridge
those gaps."
Disabilities on the Web - Answer the disabilities that matter most in terms of their effect on web use
are disabilities in the eyes, ears, hands, and brain
Blind people (Printed Disability) - Answer- can't read signs on buildings
- Product packaging
- Business cards
- Postal mail sent to their home
- Any printed text
A blind person's methods of receiving information depend on other people. (Before Screen Readers)
Screen Readers - Answer Allow blind people to access information independently, without having to
direct assistance from anyone else
Assistive Technologies and the Web - Answer Blindness
- screen readers
- Refreshable braille devices
Colour Blindness
- colour enhancement overlaps or glasses
Low Vision
,- screen enlargers
- screen readers
Deafness
- Captions
- Transcripts
Motor/Mobility Disabilities
- Head wand
- Mouth stick
- Alternative keyboards
- Eye gaze tracking
- Voice activation
Cognitive Disabilities
- screen readers
- screen overlaps
- Augmentative communication aids
Medical Model of Disability - Answer Disability is viewed as a problem that is caused by medically-
diagnosed genetic disorders, disease, trauma, or other health conditions. Disability is treated as a
biological problem that diminishes quality of life and needs to be treated with professional medical
care.
Strengths of the Medical Model - Answer- A clearly-defined set of biological criteria to diagnose a
person's condition helps medical professionals make important decisions in terms of treatment
- When deciding who should receive government assistance, a clearly-defined set of criteria helps
inform those decisions
Weaknesses of the Medical Model - Answer frequently criticized by disability advocates.
- Overlooks the impact of the design decisions in our social environment
, - Labels and stigmatizes the person as different and "less than" the rest of the population
- People who do not fit within the clearly-defined definitions may be denied benefits that they need
- Adds a level of inconvenient bureaucracy by having to "prove" your disability repeatedly
Social Model of Disability - Answer The social model doesn't deny that there is a biological or
medical component to disability. It merely points out that more inclusive designs can remove the
barriers that people with disabilities face in their everyday lives. It also provides a meaningful
context for accessibility professionals.
Strengths of the Social Model - Answer- The expectation is that society will create more inclusive
environments, and not that people with disabilities need to accept a lower quality of life simply
because of their bodies do not conform to "normal" expectations.
- Empowers designers of physical and virtual environments to think broadly about usability for all
kinds of humans
Weaknesses of the Social Model - Answer The social model can de-emphasize the physical reality of
a disability too much.
They argue that a person's disability can be an important part of one's identity, and it shouldn't be
minimized to the point that people are afraid to talk about it. Accepting and "owning" one's
disability can be very healthy from an emotional and psychological perspective.
Bio psychosocial Model - Answer Recognizes that disability is a concept and multi-faceted concepts
and incorporates the perspectives of the medical and social models. A coherent view of different
perspectives of health: biological, individual and social
Economic Model of Disability - Answer way of understanding and representing disabled people in
terms of their contribution to or drain on the economy.
Strength:
- Provides accommodations for a person's disability
Weakness:
- Can be viewed as "needy" members of society.
