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Fremitus - ANSWERS-Vibration felt on the chest wall when a patient speaks ('99').
Bronchial (Tracheal) - ANSWERS-High-pitched, loud sounds heard over the trachea.
Crackles (Rales) - ANSWERS-Popping sounds due to fluid in alveoli (e.g., pneumonia,
heart
failure).
Wheezes - ANSWERS-High-pitched whistling due to narrowed airways (e.g., asthma,
COPD).
Rhonchi - ANSWERS-Low-pitched snoring sounds due to mucus (e.g., bronchitis).
Stridor - ANSWERS-High-pitched, harsh sound due to airway obstruction (e.g., croup,
epiglottitis).
Pleural friction rub - ANSWERS-Grating sound due to pleural inflammation.
Chest Excursion - ANSWERS-Symmetrical movement of the chest during breathing.
, Increased fremitus - ANSWERS-Indicates consolidation (e.g., pneumonia).
Decreased fremitus - ANSWERS-Indicates pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or
obstructed bronchus.
S1 (Lub) - ANSWERS-Closure of mitral and tricuspid valves. Best heard at the apex.
S2 (Dub) - ANSWERS-Closure of aortic and pulmonic valves. Best heard at the base.
S3 (Ventricular gallop) - ANSWERS-May indicate heart failure.
Vesicular - ANSWERS-Low-pitched, soft sounds heard over peripheral lung fields.
Bronchovesicular - ANSWERS-Moderate-pitched sounds heard over main bronchi.
S4 (Atrial gallop) - ANSWERS-Associated with hypertension or stiff ventricles.
Murmurs - ANSWERS-Turbulent blood flow, graded I-VI.
Pericardial friction rub - ANSWERS-Scratchy sound due to pericarditis.
Auscultation Sites (APETM) - ANSWERS-Locations for heart sounds: Aortic, Pulmonic,
Erb's Point,
Tricuspid, Mitral.
Jugular Venous Distention (JVD) - ANSWERS-Indicates right-sided heart failure.