NUR 6011 EXAM 2 (PHARMACOLOGY) — REVISION
TEST | Questions and Answers | 2026 Update |
100% Correct – WPU.
Most-tested areas: Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics,
Autonomic Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Drugs, Antimicrobials,
Endocrine Pharmacology, CNS Drugs, Adverse Drug Reactions,
Drug Interactions, Safe Medication Administration
1. Bioavailability refers to the fraction of an administered drug that reaches
systemic circulation unchanged.
Answer: Fraction of drug reaching systemic circulation unchanged
Bioavailability determines how much active drug becomes available after
administration.
2. First-pass metabolism primarily occurs in the liver after oral drug
administration.
Answer: Hepatic metabolism before systemic circulation
Orally administered drugs pass through the liver via portal circulation before
entering systemic blood.
3. A drug’s half-life is the time required for plasma concentration to decrease
by 50%.
Answer: Time for plasma concentration to fall by 50%
Half-life guides dosing intervals and time to steady state.
4. Steady state occurs when drug administration equals drug elimination.
Answer: Rate of administration equals rate of elimination
Usually achieved after 4–5 half-lives.
, 5. A loading dose is used to rapidly achieve therapeutic drug levels.
Answer: Rapid attainment of therapeutic concentration
Common for drugs with long half-lives.
6. Drug potency refers to the amount of drug needed to produce a given
effect.
Answer: Amount required to produce an effect
More potent drugs require smaller doses.
7. Drug efficacy describes the maximum effect a drug can produce.
Answer: Maximum therapeutic effect achievable
Efficacy is independent of dose once maximal effect is reached.
8. Competitive antagonists bind reversibly to the same receptor as the agonist.
Answer: Reversible blockade at the same receptor site
Increasing agonist concentration can overcome the blockade.
9. Noncompetitive antagonists reduce the maximum response of an agonist.
Answer: Decrease in maximal effect regardless of dose
They bind at a different site or irreversibly.
10.Parasympathetic stimulation generally slows heart rate.
Answer: Decreased heart rate
Acetylcholine acting on muscarinic receptors mediates this effect.
11.Sympathetic activation causes bronchodilation.
Answer: Relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle
Beta-2 receptor stimulation widens airways.
12.Beta-blockers reduce heart rate and blood pressure.
Answer: Decreased cardiac output and blood pressure
They block beta-adrenergic receptors in the heart.
13.ACE inhibitors lower blood pressure by preventing formation of angiotensin
II.
Answer: Inhibition of angiotensin II production
This reduces vasoconstriction and aldosterone release.
TEST | Questions and Answers | 2026 Update |
100% Correct – WPU.
Most-tested areas: Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics,
Autonomic Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Drugs, Antimicrobials,
Endocrine Pharmacology, CNS Drugs, Adverse Drug Reactions,
Drug Interactions, Safe Medication Administration
1. Bioavailability refers to the fraction of an administered drug that reaches
systemic circulation unchanged.
Answer: Fraction of drug reaching systemic circulation unchanged
Bioavailability determines how much active drug becomes available after
administration.
2. First-pass metabolism primarily occurs in the liver after oral drug
administration.
Answer: Hepatic metabolism before systemic circulation
Orally administered drugs pass through the liver via portal circulation before
entering systemic blood.
3. A drug’s half-life is the time required for plasma concentration to decrease
by 50%.
Answer: Time for plasma concentration to fall by 50%
Half-life guides dosing intervals and time to steady state.
4. Steady state occurs when drug administration equals drug elimination.
Answer: Rate of administration equals rate of elimination
Usually achieved after 4–5 half-lives.
, 5. A loading dose is used to rapidly achieve therapeutic drug levels.
Answer: Rapid attainment of therapeutic concentration
Common for drugs with long half-lives.
6. Drug potency refers to the amount of drug needed to produce a given
effect.
Answer: Amount required to produce an effect
More potent drugs require smaller doses.
7. Drug efficacy describes the maximum effect a drug can produce.
Answer: Maximum therapeutic effect achievable
Efficacy is independent of dose once maximal effect is reached.
8. Competitive antagonists bind reversibly to the same receptor as the agonist.
Answer: Reversible blockade at the same receptor site
Increasing agonist concentration can overcome the blockade.
9. Noncompetitive antagonists reduce the maximum response of an agonist.
Answer: Decrease in maximal effect regardless of dose
They bind at a different site or irreversibly.
10.Parasympathetic stimulation generally slows heart rate.
Answer: Decreased heart rate
Acetylcholine acting on muscarinic receptors mediates this effect.
11.Sympathetic activation causes bronchodilation.
Answer: Relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle
Beta-2 receptor stimulation widens airways.
12.Beta-blockers reduce heart rate and blood pressure.
Answer: Decreased cardiac output and blood pressure
They block beta-adrenergic receptors in the heart.
13.ACE inhibitors lower blood pressure by preventing formation of angiotensin
II.
Answer: Inhibition of angiotensin II production
This reduces vasoconstriction and aldosterone release.
