NUR 230
Exam 3 Material
GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT MILESTONES
At what age do infants double & triple in weight?
Double= 6 months
Triples = 1 year
What age do infants roll over?
4 month
What age do infants sit up unsupported?
8-9 months
Stranger anxiety
What age do you the child’s height to determine an estimate of their adult height?
2 years of age
The posterior and anterior fontanels close at what age?
Posterior = 3 months
Anterior = 9-18 months
By this age the child should have their first tooth?
By 1 yr.
What are the 5 psychosocial developmental stages Erikson came up with?
Trust (Infant=Birth-1st yr)
o It’s from birth to first year
o Establish trust by feeding, changing the diaper, holding the baby.
1
, Autonomy (Toddler=1-3yrs)
o Occurs from 1-3 yrs.
o Begins when the child is walking and ends when they are toilet trained
o Their favorite word during this time is NO!!.... they’re becoming independent and this is there control over
the world.
Initiative (Preschooler=4-5yrs)
o It’s the preschooler age 4-5yrs
o They are learning to cooperate, to take initiative in the things they’re doing, and beginning to draw.
Industry (School age=6-12yrs)
o This is your school age 6-12 yrs.
o They’re very involved in learning everything.
Identity (Adolescent/Teenager=12yrs and older)
o Adolescent 12 and up
According to Erikson’s 5 psychosocial developmental theory for each age group what type of play/appropriate toys are
expected for each group?
Babies like rattlers and mobiles….they are doing onlooker play/solitary play rather than interactive play
Toddlers are more into parallel play…..they aren’t playing with the other child but playing alongside each other
o They enjoy things that make noise, push-pull toys bc they are walking.
Preschool age children (3-6 yrs.) are into associative play ….imitative and dramatic type play
o They imitate same sex roles
o Play w/ tricycle, clay, paints, swings, sliding board
School age children (6-12yrs.) are into cooperative play…… they like games with rules and collecting things.
Adolescents/Teenagers (12yrs. & older) enjoys sports, school activities, and peer group activities
What do you do for discipline for children?
2
, All children need limits and discipline….so you still want to set limits w/them even though they may have a
chronic or acute serious illness.
How do you assess pain for children?
Wong-baker faces scale….so they can point out the face that correlates to their pain level
Nonpharmacological & pharmacological treatment
How do you treat each group to make them comfortable if they were hospitalized?
Trust (Infant=Birth-1st yr)….how do you establish trust?
If possible you still continue to hold and feed them.
If unable to eat you’ll do things like non-nutritive suck….like giving them a pacifier….particularly if
they have a TE fistula then they would need that non-nutritive sucking.
Autonomy (Toddler=1-3yrs) you want to try a maintain rituals with them….they are very set in there rituals…..so
you want to continue doing the same things they do at home
If there is a certain book or stuffed animal with them…..they like going to bed at the same time and
eating at the same time.
May also have toddler and older child regression bc it’s their way to deal with the stress of the
situation and the changes and anxiety in their life.
Initiative (Preschooler=3-6yrs) is where they are into imitating (mom/dad)….they enjoy playing with puppets,
dress up, changing their clothes frequently.
Preparing them for hospitalization they can have more explanations.
Industry (School age=6-12yrs)
You’ll prepare them even more by giving them more information
They will also try to negotiate with you by saying a few more minutes, I’m not ready yet, give me
thirty more minutes…..and you have to establish a time with them.
Identity (Adolescents/Teenager=12yrs & older)
The main thing they want are they’re peers there….they’ll be eager to have their peers come and
visit.
3
Exam 3 Material
GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT MILESTONES
At what age do infants double & triple in weight?
Double= 6 months
Triples = 1 year
What age do infants roll over?
4 month
What age do infants sit up unsupported?
8-9 months
Stranger anxiety
What age do you the child’s height to determine an estimate of their adult height?
2 years of age
The posterior and anterior fontanels close at what age?
Posterior = 3 months
Anterior = 9-18 months
By this age the child should have their first tooth?
By 1 yr.
What are the 5 psychosocial developmental stages Erikson came up with?
Trust (Infant=Birth-1st yr)
o It’s from birth to first year
o Establish trust by feeding, changing the diaper, holding the baby.
1
, Autonomy (Toddler=1-3yrs)
o Occurs from 1-3 yrs.
o Begins when the child is walking and ends when they are toilet trained
o Their favorite word during this time is NO!!.... they’re becoming independent and this is there control over
the world.
Initiative (Preschooler=4-5yrs)
o It’s the preschooler age 4-5yrs
o They are learning to cooperate, to take initiative in the things they’re doing, and beginning to draw.
Industry (School age=6-12yrs)
o This is your school age 6-12 yrs.
o They’re very involved in learning everything.
Identity (Adolescent/Teenager=12yrs and older)
o Adolescent 12 and up
According to Erikson’s 5 psychosocial developmental theory for each age group what type of play/appropriate toys are
expected for each group?
Babies like rattlers and mobiles….they are doing onlooker play/solitary play rather than interactive play
Toddlers are more into parallel play…..they aren’t playing with the other child but playing alongside each other
o They enjoy things that make noise, push-pull toys bc they are walking.
Preschool age children (3-6 yrs.) are into associative play ….imitative and dramatic type play
o They imitate same sex roles
o Play w/ tricycle, clay, paints, swings, sliding board
School age children (6-12yrs.) are into cooperative play…… they like games with rules and collecting things.
Adolescents/Teenagers (12yrs. & older) enjoys sports, school activities, and peer group activities
What do you do for discipline for children?
2
, All children need limits and discipline….so you still want to set limits w/them even though they may have a
chronic or acute serious illness.
How do you assess pain for children?
Wong-baker faces scale….so they can point out the face that correlates to their pain level
Nonpharmacological & pharmacological treatment
How do you treat each group to make them comfortable if they were hospitalized?
Trust (Infant=Birth-1st yr)….how do you establish trust?
If possible you still continue to hold and feed them.
If unable to eat you’ll do things like non-nutritive suck….like giving them a pacifier….particularly if
they have a TE fistula then they would need that non-nutritive sucking.
Autonomy (Toddler=1-3yrs) you want to try a maintain rituals with them….they are very set in there rituals…..so
you want to continue doing the same things they do at home
If there is a certain book or stuffed animal with them…..they like going to bed at the same time and
eating at the same time.
May also have toddler and older child regression bc it’s their way to deal with the stress of the
situation and the changes and anxiety in their life.
Initiative (Preschooler=3-6yrs) is where they are into imitating (mom/dad)….they enjoy playing with puppets,
dress up, changing their clothes frequently.
Preparing them for hospitalization they can have more explanations.
Industry (School age=6-12yrs)
You’ll prepare them even more by giving them more information
They will also try to negotiate with you by saying a few more minutes, I’m not ready yet, give me
thirty more minutes…..and you have to establish a time with them.
Identity (Adolescents/Teenager=12yrs & older)
The main thing they want are they’re peers there….they’ll be eager to have their peers come and
visit.
3
