Fundamentals of Nursing Final Exam Review 2026 – 500+ Exam Questions on Nursing Process, OB, Newborn Care, Diabetes & Acid-Base

This document contains 500+ comprehensive, solved exam questions for the Fundamentals of Nursing Final Exam Review 2026 (see pages 1–82 ). The material provides an extensive, structured review of foundational nursing knowledge, integrating medical-surgical concepts, maternal-newborn nursing, pharmacology basics, infection control, acid-base balance, vital signs interpretation, patient safety, and legal/ethical standards of practice. The content covers the Nursing Process (assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, evaluation), critical thinking and clinical judgment, subjective vs objective data collection, medication administration safety, insulin management, heparin administration, mixing insulins, medication error protocols, and QSEN safety principles. Detailed physiological content includes acid-base interpretation (respiratory and metabolic imbalances with ABG values), electrolyte normal ranges, cardiac output, preload and afterload, systemic vascular resistance, hypoxia symptoms (RAT BED FINES), inflammatory response, and stress adaptation mechanisms. Extensive maternal-newborn and obstetric review includes stages and phases of labor, fetal heart rate monitoring guidelines, Leopold’s maneuvers, Naegele’s rule, APGAR scoring, postpartum assessments (BUBBLE-EE), lochia stages (rubra, serosa, alba), presumptive/probable/positive signs of pregnancy, gestational diabetes criteria, Rh incompatibility and RhoGAM timing, newborn vital sign norms, breastfeeding recommendations, and common trimester discomforts. Pediatric and neonatal content includes pain assessment scales (CRIES, FLACC, FACES), immunization requirements, growth and development milestones, and infant feeding guidelines. Additional high-yield topics include infection prevention (medical asepsis principles, hand hygiene, National Patient Safety Goals), legal frameworks (HIPAA, Good Samaritan Law, malpractice, Patient Bill of Rights, scope of practice legislation), nutrition and therapeutic diets (clear liquid, pureed, mechanically altered), urinary and bowel assessment standards, chronic vs acute illness, diabetes diagnostic criteria (A1C, fasting glucose, OGTT), metabolic syndrome, inflammation mediators (histamine, Hageman factor), immunity types, and stress response physiology. Presented in organized question-and-answer format with verified answers, this document is ideal for final exam preparation, comprehensive course review, and NCLEX-style reinforcement. It supports ADN and BSN nursing students consolidating core competencies before program progression or licensure testing. This document is especially relevant for: ADN nursing students BSN nursing students First-year and second-year nursing students Fundamentals of Nursing final exam candidates Maternal-newborn nursing students Medical-surgical nursing students NCLEX preparation candidates Keywords: fundamentals of nursing final exam 2026, nursing process review, acid base imbalance ABG interpretation, electrolyte normal values nursing, stages of labor nursing, fetal heart rate assessment, postpartum BUBBLE EE, lochia rubra serosa alba, gestational diabetes criteria, insulin mixing steps, medication administration safety, heparin subcutaneous technique, QSEN nursing, National Patient Safety Goals, infection control principles, subjective vs objective data nursing, APGAR scoring newborn, neonatal vital signs normal ranges, diabetes A1C diagnostic criteria, metabolic syndrome risk factors, legal issues in nursing practice, HIPAA nursing, malpractice nursing, maternal newborn nursing review, NCLEX fundamentals review