NUR 221 (Critical Care - Test 2) Study Notes
(Hemodynamic Monitoring; Ventilatory Assistance; Rapid
Response Teams and Code Management; and Shock, Sepsis,
and Multiple Organ Dysfunction) Questions With Complete
Solutions
A central venous pressure (CVP) line is most commonly placed
where? Correct Answers Subclavian or internal jugular vein
**Femoral vein may be used when thoracic veins are not
available or in a trauma situation (HIGH RISK FOR
INFECTION)
A serum lactate level of greater than 2 is indicative of what?
Correct Answers Sepsis
A three-way stopcock attached to the transducer that is generally
used as the reference point for zeroing and leveling the system is
often referred to as: Correct Answers Zeroing Stockcock (AKA:
air-fluid interface)
Advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) Correct Answers A set
of clinical interventions for the urgent treatment of cardiac arrest
and other life threatening medical emergencies, as well as the
knowledge and skills to deploy those interventions
After insertion of a catheter for right atrial pressure (RAP) or
central venous pressure (CVP) what should be obtained? Correct
Answers Chest x-ray to verify correct placement and assess for
complications
,Afterload (cardiovascular system) Correct Answers The amount
of resistance the ventricles must overcome to deliver the stroke
volume (SV) into the receiving vasculture
Air volume within the lung is measured using what instrument?
Correct Answers Spirometer
An echocardiography can determine what? Correct Answers 1.
Size of heart
2. Ejection fraction
Anaphylactic shock Correct Answers Severe shock caused by
an allergic reaction
Apneustic respirations Correct Answers Respiration pattern
with prolonger, gasping, followed by extremely short, inefficient
expirations
Biot's respirations Correct Answers Respiration pattern that is
highly irregular with abrupt pauses between efforts
Cardiac Index (CI) Correct Answers Cardiac output (CI)
individualized to patient body surface area (BSA/Size)
Cardiac Output (CO) / body surface area (BSA)
Cardiac output (CO) Correct Answers The total volume of
blood ejected from the heart per minute
Cardiogenic shock Correct Answers Shock that occurs when the
heart fails to act as an effective pump, which causes a decrease
,in myocardial contractility and leads to a decrease in cardiac
output and impaired tissue perfusion
Cardioversion Correct Answers Restoration of a normal heart
rhythm by electric shock
Cheyne-Stokes respiration Correct Answers Respiration pattern
that gradually increase in depth, then become more shallow,
followed by a period of apnea
Compliance Correct Answers Measure of the distensibility, or
stretchability, of the lung and chest wall
Contractility (cardiovascular system) Correct Answers The
strength of myocardial muscle fiber shortening during the
systolic phase of the cardiac cycle
Crackles (breath sounds) Correct Answers Discontinuous,
explosive, bubbling sounds of short duration caused by air
bubbling through fluid or mucus, or alveoli popping open on
inspiration
Ejection fraction Correct Answers The fraction of blood ejected
with each beat
Endotracheal intubation (ET) Correct Answers Insertion of an
endotracheal tube (ETT) through the mouth or nose and used to
maintain an airways, remove secretions, prevention aspiration,
and provide mechanical ventilation
, Examples of Metabolic Acidosis: Correct Answers 1. Diabetic
ketoacidosis (DKA)
2. Lactic acidosis
3. Alcohol
4. Diabetes
5. Shock
6. Renal failure
Examples of Metabolic Alkalosis: Correct Answers 1. Severe
vomiting
2 Loss of potassium
3. Loss of acid (suctioning)
4. Sodium bicarbonate overdose (tums)
Examples of Respiratory Acidosis: Correct Answers 1. Severe
Asthma
2. Pneumonia
3. Hypoventilation
4. Respiratory depression (drugs, CNS trauma)
5. COPD
Examples of Respiratory Alkalosis: Correct Answers 1.
Hyperventilation
2. Panic attack
3. Aspirin poisoning
Failure to rescue (FTR) Correct Answers The failure to
recognize changes in a patient's condition until major
complications, including death occurs
(Hemodynamic Monitoring; Ventilatory Assistance; Rapid
Response Teams and Code Management; and Shock, Sepsis,
and Multiple Organ Dysfunction) Questions With Complete
Solutions
A central venous pressure (CVP) line is most commonly placed
where? Correct Answers Subclavian or internal jugular vein
**Femoral vein may be used when thoracic veins are not
available or in a trauma situation (HIGH RISK FOR
INFECTION)
A serum lactate level of greater than 2 is indicative of what?
Correct Answers Sepsis
A three-way stopcock attached to the transducer that is generally
used as the reference point for zeroing and leveling the system is
often referred to as: Correct Answers Zeroing Stockcock (AKA:
air-fluid interface)
Advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) Correct Answers A set
of clinical interventions for the urgent treatment of cardiac arrest
and other life threatening medical emergencies, as well as the
knowledge and skills to deploy those interventions
After insertion of a catheter for right atrial pressure (RAP) or
central venous pressure (CVP) what should be obtained? Correct
Answers Chest x-ray to verify correct placement and assess for
complications
,Afterload (cardiovascular system) Correct Answers The amount
of resistance the ventricles must overcome to deliver the stroke
volume (SV) into the receiving vasculture
Air volume within the lung is measured using what instrument?
Correct Answers Spirometer
An echocardiography can determine what? Correct Answers 1.
Size of heart
2. Ejection fraction
Anaphylactic shock Correct Answers Severe shock caused by
an allergic reaction
Apneustic respirations Correct Answers Respiration pattern
with prolonger, gasping, followed by extremely short, inefficient
expirations
Biot's respirations Correct Answers Respiration pattern that is
highly irregular with abrupt pauses between efforts
Cardiac Index (CI) Correct Answers Cardiac output (CI)
individualized to patient body surface area (BSA/Size)
Cardiac Output (CO) / body surface area (BSA)
Cardiac output (CO) Correct Answers The total volume of
blood ejected from the heart per minute
Cardiogenic shock Correct Answers Shock that occurs when the
heart fails to act as an effective pump, which causes a decrease
,in myocardial contractility and leads to a decrease in cardiac
output and impaired tissue perfusion
Cardioversion Correct Answers Restoration of a normal heart
rhythm by electric shock
Cheyne-Stokes respiration Correct Answers Respiration pattern
that gradually increase in depth, then become more shallow,
followed by a period of apnea
Compliance Correct Answers Measure of the distensibility, or
stretchability, of the lung and chest wall
Contractility (cardiovascular system) Correct Answers The
strength of myocardial muscle fiber shortening during the
systolic phase of the cardiac cycle
Crackles (breath sounds) Correct Answers Discontinuous,
explosive, bubbling sounds of short duration caused by air
bubbling through fluid or mucus, or alveoli popping open on
inspiration
Ejection fraction Correct Answers The fraction of blood ejected
with each beat
Endotracheal intubation (ET) Correct Answers Insertion of an
endotracheal tube (ETT) through the mouth or nose and used to
maintain an airways, remove secretions, prevention aspiration,
and provide mechanical ventilation
, Examples of Metabolic Acidosis: Correct Answers 1. Diabetic
ketoacidosis (DKA)
2. Lactic acidosis
3. Alcohol
4. Diabetes
5. Shock
6. Renal failure
Examples of Metabolic Alkalosis: Correct Answers 1. Severe
vomiting
2 Loss of potassium
3. Loss of acid (suctioning)
4. Sodium bicarbonate overdose (tums)
Examples of Respiratory Acidosis: Correct Answers 1. Severe
Asthma
2. Pneumonia
3. Hypoventilation
4. Respiratory depression (drugs, CNS trauma)
5. COPD
Examples of Respiratory Alkalosis: Correct Answers 1.
Hyperventilation
2. Panic attack
3. Aspirin poisoning
Failure to rescue (FTR) Correct Answers The failure to
recognize changes in a patient's condition until major
complications, including death occurs
