BIOL 2100 Exam 1 Questions With Complete Solutions
_________ form the main fabric of the membrane, but
_________ determine most of the membrane's functions Correct
Answers phospholipids; proteins
"fluidity buffer" Correct Answers cholesterol at high
temperatures makes the membrane less fluid by restraining
phospholipid movement; cholesterol also lowers the temperature
required for the membrane to solidify
acid Correct Answers substance that increases the hydrogen ion
concentration of a solution
active transport Correct Answers cell must expend energy to
pump a solute across a membrane
adhesion Correct Answers clinging of one substance to another
Amino Acid Correct Answers organic molecule with both an
amino group and carboxyl group; has alpha carbon, side chain
and R group as well; ionized in aqueous solutions; sidechains
differ significantly with respect to water
amphipathic Correct Answers hydrophilic region and
hydrophobic region
ex: phospholipids
anion Correct Answers negative ion
,antibodies Correct Answers part of our immune system and
important for defense
aquaporins Correct Answers type of channel protein; passage of
water molecules through the membrane in certain cells
aqueous solution Correct Answers solute is dissolved in water
atom Correct Answers smallest unit of matter that retains the
properties of an element
atomic number Correct Answers number of protons
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) Correct Answers consists of
organic molecule called adenosine attached to string of three
phosphate groups are present in series; stores energy
base Correct Answers substance that reduces the hydrogen ion
concentration of a solution
buffer Correct Answers substance that minimizes changes in
concentrations of H+ and OH- in a solution; carbonic acid
calorie Correct Answers amount of heat it takes to raise the
temp of 1g of water by 1°C
catalysts Correct Answers chemical agents that selectively
speed up chemical reactions without being consumed in reaction
cation Correct Answers positive ion
, Cell fractionation Correct Answers takes cells and separates
major organelles and other subcellular structures from one
another; used to identify their structure
cell wall Correct Answers extracellular structure of plant cells
protects, maintains shape, prevents excess of water
central vacuole Correct Answers develops by coalescence of
smaller vacuoles, plays major role in growth of plant cells
(enlarge as the vacuole absorbs water, enabling cell to become
larger with min investment in new cyto)
centrioles Correct Answers within the centrosome
centrosome Correct Answers located near nucleus, microtubules
grow out of (only in animals)
channel proteins Correct Answers simply provide corridors that
allow specific molecules or ions to cross the membrane
channel proteins Correct Answers type of transport protein;
function by having a hydrophilic channel that certain molecules
or atomic ions use as a tunnel through the membrane
Chaperone proteins Correct Answers protect protein so it can
become its potential, NOT determining shape of protein
characteristics of proteins Correct Answers unique 3D shape
All proteins constructed from the same set of 20 amino acids,
linked in unbranched polymers
_________ form the main fabric of the membrane, but
_________ determine most of the membrane's functions Correct
Answers phospholipids; proteins
"fluidity buffer" Correct Answers cholesterol at high
temperatures makes the membrane less fluid by restraining
phospholipid movement; cholesterol also lowers the temperature
required for the membrane to solidify
acid Correct Answers substance that increases the hydrogen ion
concentration of a solution
active transport Correct Answers cell must expend energy to
pump a solute across a membrane
adhesion Correct Answers clinging of one substance to another
Amino Acid Correct Answers organic molecule with both an
amino group and carboxyl group; has alpha carbon, side chain
and R group as well; ionized in aqueous solutions; sidechains
differ significantly with respect to water
amphipathic Correct Answers hydrophilic region and
hydrophobic region
ex: phospholipids
anion Correct Answers negative ion
,antibodies Correct Answers part of our immune system and
important for defense
aquaporins Correct Answers type of channel protein; passage of
water molecules through the membrane in certain cells
aqueous solution Correct Answers solute is dissolved in water
atom Correct Answers smallest unit of matter that retains the
properties of an element
atomic number Correct Answers number of protons
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) Correct Answers consists of
organic molecule called adenosine attached to string of three
phosphate groups are present in series; stores energy
base Correct Answers substance that reduces the hydrogen ion
concentration of a solution
buffer Correct Answers substance that minimizes changes in
concentrations of H+ and OH- in a solution; carbonic acid
calorie Correct Answers amount of heat it takes to raise the
temp of 1g of water by 1°C
catalysts Correct Answers chemical agents that selectively
speed up chemical reactions without being consumed in reaction
cation Correct Answers positive ion
, Cell fractionation Correct Answers takes cells and separates
major organelles and other subcellular structures from one
another; used to identify their structure
cell wall Correct Answers extracellular structure of plant cells
protects, maintains shape, prevents excess of water
central vacuole Correct Answers develops by coalescence of
smaller vacuoles, plays major role in growth of plant cells
(enlarge as the vacuole absorbs water, enabling cell to become
larger with min investment in new cyto)
centrioles Correct Answers within the centrosome
centrosome Correct Answers located near nucleus, microtubules
grow out of (only in animals)
channel proteins Correct Answers simply provide corridors that
allow specific molecules or ions to cross the membrane
channel proteins Correct Answers type of transport protein;
function by having a hydrophilic channel that certain molecules
or atomic ions use as a tunnel through the membrane
Chaperone proteins Correct Answers protect protein so it can
become its potential, NOT determining shape of protein
characteristics of proteins Correct Answers unique 3D shape
All proteins constructed from the same set of 20 amino acids,
linked in unbranched polymers
