Biology 2100 -Exam 1, Bio 2100 Exam 1 Questions With
Complete Solutions
active transport Correct Answers Energy-requiring process that
moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration
difference
adhesion Correct Answers clinging of one substance to another
(Water to glass)
amino acid Correct Answers linked by peptide bond
-R
amino group-alpha carbon-carboxyl group
-H
amino Correct Answers -NH2 (acts as base)
amphipathic Correct Answers having both a hydrophilic region
and a hydrophobic region
Aquaporins Correct Answers A transport protein in the plasma
membrane of a plant or animal cell that specifically facilitates
the diffusion of water across the membrane
atomic number Correct Answers the number of protons in the
nucleus of an atom
ATP Correct Answers (adenosine triphosphate) main energy
source that cells use for most of their work
,Autophagy Correct Answers A process in which lysosomes
decompose damaged organelles to reuse their organic monomers
basal body Correct Answers A eukaryotic cell organelle
consisting of a 9 + 0 arrangement of microtubule triplets; may
organize the microtubule assembly of a cilium or flagellum;
structurally identical to a centriole.
Buffer Correct Answers weak acid or base that can react with
strong acids or bases to help prevent sharp, sudden changes in
pH
bulk transport Correct Answers The process by which large
particles and macromolecules are transported through plasma
membranes. Inc. exocytosis and endocytosis
Calorie Correct Answers Amount of energy needed to raise
temperature 1 gram of water 1 degree C
carbonyl Correct Answers -C=O
carboxyl Correct Answers -COOH (function as acid)
catalysts Correct Answers enzymatic proteins regulate
metabolism by speeding up chem reactions without being
consumed
Cell wall Correct Answers thicker, microfibrils made of
polysaccharide cellulose- synthesized by enzyme called
cellulose synthase and secreted to EC space --> matrix other
polysaccharides and proteins
, primary cell wall then middle lamella (thin layer rich in pectins)
--> secondary cell wall
Centrioles Correct Answers a minute cylindrical organelle near
the nucleus in animal cells, occurring in pairs and involved in
the development of spindle fibers in cell division.
Centrosome Correct Answers A structure in animal cells
containing centrioles from which the spindle fibers develop.
chaperonins Correct Answers protein molecules that assist in
folding of proteins, refold misfolded or mark for distruction
(hydrophilic environment)
Chargaff Correct Answers nucleotide bases have diversity but
similar in number for pairs
Chloroplast Correct Answers An organelle found in plant and
algae cells where photosynthesis occurs
chromatin packing Correct Answers -double helix (phosphate
cause negative charge)
-linker DNA wrap around histones (H2A, H2B,H3, H4)
-nucleosome (10nm, 8 histones, amino end extends)
-30-nm fiber (histone tails link to other nucleosome tails, H1)
-looped domains around scaffold: 300-nm fiber (protein,
topoisomerase and H1 make up scaffold)
-metaphase chromosome: coil and fold to further compact
700nm
Complete Solutions
active transport Correct Answers Energy-requiring process that
moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration
difference
adhesion Correct Answers clinging of one substance to another
(Water to glass)
amino acid Correct Answers linked by peptide bond
-R
amino group-alpha carbon-carboxyl group
-H
amino Correct Answers -NH2 (acts as base)
amphipathic Correct Answers having both a hydrophilic region
and a hydrophobic region
Aquaporins Correct Answers A transport protein in the plasma
membrane of a plant or animal cell that specifically facilitates
the diffusion of water across the membrane
atomic number Correct Answers the number of protons in the
nucleus of an atom
ATP Correct Answers (adenosine triphosphate) main energy
source that cells use for most of their work
,Autophagy Correct Answers A process in which lysosomes
decompose damaged organelles to reuse their organic monomers
basal body Correct Answers A eukaryotic cell organelle
consisting of a 9 + 0 arrangement of microtubule triplets; may
organize the microtubule assembly of a cilium or flagellum;
structurally identical to a centriole.
Buffer Correct Answers weak acid or base that can react with
strong acids or bases to help prevent sharp, sudden changes in
pH
bulk transport Correct Answers The process by which large
particles and macromolecules are transported through plasma
membranes. Inc. exocytosis and endocytosis
Calorie Correct Answers Amount of energy needed to raise
temperature 1 gram of water 1 degree C
carbonyl Correct Answers -C=O
carboxyl Correct Answers -COOH (function as acid)
catalysts Correct Answers enzymatic proteins regulate
metabolism by speeding up chem reactions without being
consumed
Cell wall Correct Answers thicker, microfibrils made of
polysaccharide cellulose- synthesized by enzyme called
cellulose synthase and secreted to EC space --> matrix other
polysaccharides and proteins
, primary cell wall then middle lamella (thin layer rich in pectins)
--> secondary cell wall
Centrioles Correct Answers a minute cylindrical organelle near
the nucleus in animal cells, occurring in pairs and involved in
the development of spindle fibers in cell division.
Centrosome Correct Answers A structure in animal cells
containing centrioles from which the spindle fibers develop.
chaperonins Correct Answers protein molecules that assist in
folding of proteins, refold misfolded or mark for distruction
(hydrophilic environment)
Chargaff Correct Answers nucleotide bases have diversity but
similar in number for pairs
Chloroplast Correct Answers An organelle found in plant and
algae cells where photosynthesis occurs
chromatin packing Correct Answers -double helix (phosphate
cause negative charge)
-linker DNA wrap around histones (H2A, H2B,H3, H4)
-nucleosome (10nm, 8 histones, amino end extends)
-30-nm fiber (histone tails link to other nucleosome tails, H1)
-looped domains around scaffold: 300-nm fiber (protein,
topoisomerase and H1 make up scaffold)
-metaphase chromosome: coil and fold to further compact
700nm
