Environmental Philosophy Exam Questions and verified accurate Answers
unintended consequences - (ANSWER)the unexpected and unplanned results of a decision or action
second law of thermodynamics - (ANSWER)more disorder: knowledge is order, ignorance is disorder
reason for ecological failure of technology - (ANSWER)too much focus on specifics and not enough on
the whole
"could, might.." - (ANSWER)weak statement; makes it easy to argue
"are.." - (ANSWER)very strong and tough to argrue
"everything is connected to everything else.." - (ANSWER)relationship is between two objects.
using, needing, providing, wanting; all relations
ALL VERBS
between any six things, - (ANSWER)there are 15 connections
hopeless words - (ANSWER)vague words that dont mean much; ex- stronger, matter more, some, can
be..
normative claims
numbers argument - (ANSWER)6 objects --> 15 binary connections or more
three place relationship - (ANSWER)x is the mother of y is the mother of z
,Environmental Philosophy Exam Questions and verified accurate Answers
negative relations - (ANSWER)"is not"
this rock cannot eat bird
abstract relations - (ANSWER)"i happened to have thought of
***we choose what we care about and what we intend*** - (ANSWER)some things we just do not
forsee
what influences our choices of intended or unintended consequences? locally successful (4) -
(ANSWER)choices made on the basis of cultural bias (of separation and superiority over culture, control
of nature through technology), economics, urgency of need, access to info (how easily we can access
info)
what influences our choices of intended or unintended consequences? longer term -
(ANSWER)technology may be unsuccessful in untended ways
never the less, there is an inherent unavoidability of unintended consequences (based on number
argument and cultural bias problem)
why things are the way they are now? - (ANSWER)the enlightenment; brought about a disruption to a
spiritual framework
science and technology - (ANSWER)science is related to our senses, and our machinery is used to
specifically enhance our senses.
in order to fix these unintended consequences - (ANSWER)select more widely, we do not have full
control
industrialized agriculture: pros - (ANSWER)farm machinery replaced human/animal labor
dec. time and productivity
, Environmental Philosophy Exam Questions and verified accurate Answers
1 farmer now feeds 70 people
industrialized agriculture: cons - (ANSWER)social; rural unemployment: farmers now are searching for
urban jobs
environmental; loss of top soil, dry lakes due to irrigation dependence, use of artificial herbicides in
ww2.
INC IN INNOVATIONS OF INDUSTRIALIZATION OF AGRICULTURE, INC IN IRREVERSIBLE CONSEQUENCES...
can seem all good, but slips of microbes into the air leads to irreversible damage
there are unintended consequences caused by (4) - (ANSWER)1. we cant keep track of them all
2. cultural bias (hubris-pride)
3. reductionist science (poor science)
4. thermodynamics
reductionist science - (ANSWER)characterized by narrow focus on some objects but ignore the others
humans are not natural (we live in artificial ways)
focuses on senses (instruments translate things to enforce senses)
scientists are objective in the sense of "removed" from the phenomena
not holistic, sum of parts=whole; deny emergent properties (emerges but not predicted given the parts)
calculations tend to be "linear" not curved
unintended consequences - (ANSWER)the unexpected and unplanned results of a decision or action
second law of thermodynamics - (ANSWER)more disorder: knowledge is order, ignorance is disorder
reason for ecological failure of technology - (ANSWER)too much focus on specifics and not enough on
the whole
"could, might.." - (ANSWER)weak statement; makes it easy to argue
"are.." - (ANSWER)very strong and tough to argrue
"everything is connected to everything else.." - (ANSWER)relationship is between two objects.
using, needing, providing, wanting; all relations
ALL VERBS
between any six things, - (ANSWER)there are 15 connections
hopeless words - (ANSWER)vague words that dont mean much; ex- stronger, matter more, some, can
be..
normative claims
numbers argument - (ANSWER)6 objects --> 15 binary connections or more
three place relationship - (ANSWER)x is the mother of y is the mother of z
,Environmental Philosophy Exam Questions and verified accurate Answers
negative relations - (ANSWER)"is not"
this rock cannot eat bird
abstract relations - (ANSWER)"i happened to have thought of
***we choose what we care about and what we intend*** - (ANSWER)some things we just do not
forsee
what influences our choices of intended or unintended consequences? locally successful (4) -
(ANSWER)choices made on the basis of cultural bias (of separation and superiority over culture, control
of nature through technology), economics, urgency of need, access to info (how easily we can access
info)
what influences our choices of intended or unintended consequences? longer term -
(ANSWER)technology may be unsuccessful in untended ways
never the less, there is an inherent unavoidability of unintended consequences (based on number
argument and cultural bias problem)
why things are the way they are now? - (ANSWER)the enlightenment; brought about a disruption to a
spiritual framework
science and technology - (ANSWER)science is related to our senses, and our machinery is used to
specifically enhance our senses.
in order to fix these unintended consequences - (ANSWER)select more widely, we do not have full
control
industrialized agriculture: pros - (ANSWER)farm machinery replaced human/animal labor
dec. time and productivity
, Environmental Philosophy Exam Questions and verified accurate Answers
1 farmer now feeds 70 people
industrialized agriculture: cons - (ANSWER)social; rural unemployment: farmers now are searching for
urban jobs
environmental; loss of top soil, dry lakes due to irrigation dependence, use of artificial herbicides in
ww2.
INC IN INNOVATIONS OF INDUSTRIALIZATION OF AGRICULTURE, INC IN IRREVERSIBLE CONSEQUENCES...
can seem all good, but slips of microbes into the air leads to irreversible damage
there are unintended consequences caused by (4) - (ANSWER)1. we cant keep track of them all
2. cultural bias (hubris-pride)
3. reductionist science (poor science)
4. thermodynamics
reductionist science - (ANSWER)characterized by narrow focus on some objects but ignore the others
humans are not natural (we live in artificial ways)
focuses on senses (instruments translate things to enforce senses)
scientists are objective in the sense of "removed" from the phenomena
not holistic, sum of parts=whole; deny emergent properties (emerges but not predicted given the parts)
calculations tend to be "linear" not curved
