AC-HPAT EXAMINATION TEST 2026 FULLY
SOLVED QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
◉ Name the four types of transport that allow small molecules to
move across the cell membrane: Answer: Diffusion, Osmosis, Active
Transport, and Passive Transport.
◉ Prokaryotes often reproduce by: Answer: Binary Fission
◉ What is binary fission? Answer: A form of asexual reproduction in
which the parent divides into two identical halves.
◉ What is cytokinesis? Answer: The division of cytoplasm into two
identical daughter cells, which occurs during the telophase stage of
mitosis.
◉ What is a haploid cell? Answer: A cell that contains one set of
chromosomes
◉ What is a diploid cell? Answer: A cell that contains two sets of
chromosomes
,◉ What is chromatin? Answer: The substance of which eukaryotic
chromosomes are composed, consisting of mostly proteins, DNA,
and RNA.
◉ What is a centriole? Answer: a cylindrical organelle near the
nucleus in animal cells, occurring in pairs and involved in the
development of spindle fibers in cell division.
◉ What is a chromosome? Answer: A structure carrying genes is a
linear sequence, found in the nucleus, consisting of DNA and protein.
◉ What is DNA? Answer: A double-stranded, helical nucleic acid
molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited
structure of a cell's proteins. It makes up the genetic material of
most living organisms and plays a role in determining heredity.
◉ What is RNA? Answer: A single-stranded nucleic acid molecule
involved in protein synthesis. It is responsible for carrying the
genetic code transcribed for DNA to specialized sites within the cell
where the information is translated into protein composition.
◉ What is a nucleotide? Answer: A nucleotide is the basic building
block of nucleic acids. RNA and DNA are polymers made of long
chains of nucleotides. A nucleotide consists of a sugar molecule
(either ribose in RNA or deoxyribose in DNA) attached to a
phosphate group and a nitrogen-containing base.
, ◉ What is transcription? Answer: Transcription is the process by
which the information in a strand of DNA is copied into a new
molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA). ... This complex initiates
transcription, and the RNA polymerase begins mRNA synthesis by
matching complementary bases to the original DNA strand.
◉ What is translation? Answer: Translation is the process by which
a protein is synthesized from the information contained in a
molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA). Translation occurs in a
structure called the ribosome, which is a factory for the synthesis of
proteins
◉ What is endocytosis and exocytosis? Answer: Endocytosis is the
process of capturing a substance or particle from outside the cell by
engulfing it with the cell membrane, and bringing it into the cell.
Exocytosis describes the process of vesicles fusing with the plasma
membrane and releasing their contents to the outside of the cell
◉ What is a chromotid? Answer: each of the two threadlike strands
into which a chromosome divides longitudinally during cell division.
Each contains a double helix of DNA.
◉ What is an allele? Answer: An alternative version of a gene; one
from each parent.
SOLVED QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
◉ Name the four types of transport that allow small molecules to
move across the cell membrane: Answer: Diffusion, Osmosis, Active
Transport, and Passive Transport.
◉ Prokaryotes often reproduce by: Answer: Binary Fission
◉ What is binary fission? Answer: A form of asexual reproduction in
which the parent divides into two identical halves.
◉ What is cytokinesis? Answer: The division of cytoplasm into two
identical daughter cells, which occurs during the telophase stage of
mitosis.
◉ What is a haploid cell? Answer: A cell that contains one set of
chromosomes
◉ What is a diploid cell? Answer: A cell that contains two sets of
chromosomes
,◉ What is chromatin? Answer: The substance of which eukaryotic
chromosomes are composed, consisting of mostly proteins, DNA,
and RNA.
◉ What is a centriole? Answer: a cylindrical organelle near the
nucleus in animal cells, occurring in pairs and involved in the
development of spindle fibers in cell division.
◉ What is a chromosome? Answer: A structure carrying genes is a
linear sequence, found in the nucleus, consisting of DNA and protein.
◉ What is DNA? Answer: A double-stranded, helical nucleic acid
molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited
structure of a cell's proteins. It makes up the genetic material of
most living organisms and plays a role in determining heredity.
◉ What is RNA? Answer: A single-stranded nucleic acid molecule
involved in protein synthesis. It is responsible for carrying the
genetic code transcribed for DNA to specialized sites within the cell
where the information is translated into protein composition.
◉ What is a nucleotide? Answer: A nucleotide is the basic building
block of nucleic acids. RNA and DNA are polymers made of long
chains of nucleotides. A nucleotide consists of a sugar molecule
(either ribose in RNA or deoxyribose in DNA) attached to a
phosphate group and a nitrogen-containing base.
, ◉ What is transcription? Answer: Transcription is the process by
which the information in a strand of DNA is copied into a new
molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA). ... This complex initiates
transcription, and the RNA polymerase begins mRNA synthesis by
matching complementary bases to the original DNA strand.
◉ What is translation? Answer: Translation is the process by which
a protein is synthesized from the information contained in a
molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA). Translation occurs in a
structure called the ribosome, which is a factory for the synthesis of
proteins
◉ What is endocytosis and exocytosis? Answer: Endocytosis is the
process of capturing a substance or particle from outside the cell by
engulfing it with the cell membrane, and bringing it into the cell.
Exocytosis describes the process of vesicles fusing with the plasma
membrane and releasing their contents to the outside of the cell
◉ What is a chromotid? Answer: each of the two threadlike strands
into which a chromosome divides longitudinally during cell division.
Each contains a double helix of DNA.
◉ What is an allele? Answer: An alternative version of a gene; one
from each parent.
