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control of salt marsh mosquitoes has made a major contribution to the development of this industry
in Florida tourist industry
inverse relationship or a steady rise in income from tourism to a steady decline of the major salt
marsh pest mosquito, Aedes taeniorhynchus. Past relationship between tourism dollars and
mosquitoes
very swift currents and in open bodies of water Mosquitoes occur throughout the world, breeding in
almost every known aquatic habitat except
Larval habitats - grassy margins of ponds, land crab holes, and aquatic plants, eggs may be laid singly
or in rafts, on water or on damp soil where they hatch in subsequent flooding, flight ranges from a
few hundred feet to more than eighty miles with favorable winds, hibernation or overwintering in
different species may be in the egg stage, as larvae, or as adults variations present among species
80 number of mosquito species in FL
When Congress was debating the merits of statehood for Florida, this man stated that Florida could
never be developed, nor would it ever be a fit place to live. He described the 1 land as a "land of
swamps, of quagmires, of frogs and alligators and mosquitoes." John Randolph of Virginia
Name given to Ponce de Leon Inlet because the mosquito was such a plague when the Spaniards
arrived "Barro de Mosquitoes"
In the 18th Century, the name for part of Florida lying between the St. Johns River and the coastal
lagoons north of Cape Canaveral "The Mosquito Country," or "The Mosquitoes"
Name given to Mosquito Country in 1825 when it became a county which included a large portion of
peninsular Florida "Mosquito County"
Name for northern Florida that was settled, but anything but a pleasant place to live. Area suffered
from disease, hardship, and poverty; the major cities of Jacksonville, St. Augustine, Tallahassee and
Pensacola "malaria belt"
Year of one of the worst sieges of the yellow fever epidemic in in Jacksonville and Fernandina Beach.
It was described by historians as the State's worst holocaust. Fernandina Beach, with a population of
1,632, had 1,146 persons ill with the fever. Twenty-four died. 1877
Year yellow fever epidemics raged in Key West, Tampa, Plant City, and Manatee. 1887
Year yellow fever epidemic in Jacksonville saw 10,000 persons (out of a population of 26,700 in
Duval County) flee the city in carriages, drays, wagon trains, and ships. 1888
Island was once so heavily infested with mosquitoes that bred in the vast grassy marshes that the
local postman had to make his rounds in July dressed like an Eskimo in a parka and netting.
Sanibel
,Major event that spurred organized effort to control mosquitoes in Florida as a way of preventing
malaria when the U.S. Army, U. S. Public Health Service, and the State Board of Health set up a
program of drainage and larviciding at Camp Johnson, near Jacksonville. WWI
Year when the State Board of Health, the city of Perry, and the Burton Swartz Cypress Company
jointly set up a malaria control project in the city of Perry, one of the most malarious areas of the
State. At that time the Perry project was one of the largest malaria control projects in the country
and was the first non-military control project in Florida 1919
Year of formation of the Florida Anti-Mosquito Association (FAMA) (now known as the Florida
Mosquito Control Association, FMCA) 1922
Year when Indian River County Mosquito Control District was established 1925
Year when St. Lucie Mosquito District established 1926
Year when Broward County Mosquito Control District established 1934
Year when Dade County Mosquito Control District was established 1935
By this year, there were 52 mosquito control districts in Florida, and that number has remained fairly
constant to the present day 1975
Period when many malaria control projects were performed with funding from the Civil Works
Administration, Emergency Relief Administration of the Works Progress Administration. During this
period, more than 1,500 miles of drainage ditches were dug throughout the state to eliminate
mosquito breeding habitats. 1933 - 1941
year when a Bureau of Malaria Control was created within the Division of Health 1941
Year when the U.S. Public Health Service set up the first Malaria Control in War Areas project in
Florida near Tallahassee1942
Period when a program of DDT residual house spraying in malarious areas of Florida was supported
by U.S. Public Health Funds 1945 - 1949
Year when the Bureau of Malaria Control was abolished and a Division of Entomology was created
within the Bureau of Sanitary Engineering 1946
Year when the Division of Entomology was raised to Bureau status 1953
Year when the Bureau of Entomology became the Office of Entomology 1976
Year when Office of Entomology became Entomology Services in the Department of Health and
Rehabilitative Services 1986
Year when Entomology Services was moved to the Department of Agriculture and Consumer
Services (DACS), where it is now known as the Bureau of Scientific Evaluation and Technical
Assistance (BSETA). 1992
promoting control of insects of public health importance, serving as advisors and consultants for
mosquito control districts, and administering all state funds appropriated for nonagricultural
arthropod control work Functions of BSETA
Years when state laws were passed which set up methods for establishing self-taxing mosquito
control districts 1925, 1929, and 1941
, Year when a state law was passed that provided State aid to districts in the form of insecticides,
materials, equipment, personnel, and vehicles 1949
State Legislature passed a second State aid law whereby any board of county commissioners or
mosquito control district that places funds in its budget for control of "arthropods of public health
importance", would, upon proper certification, receive funds directly from the State of up to 75
percent of the funds appropriated by the county or district. These funds were to be used for
permanent control measures; additional appropriations were given as matching funds for either
permanent or temporary control measures 1953 State Aid Law
law that provides that a county or district shall be eligible, upon approval of the Department of
Agriculture and Consumer Services, to receive state funds. The amount and type of State aid
currently available to mosquito control agenciesChapter 5E- 13. 030 Florida Administrative Code
(F.A.C.)
In 1953, the legislature appropriated money to establish center to study the biology and control of
arthropods of public health importance in Florida. The center was dedicated in 1956 and has
become world renowned for the excellence of its facilities and its research. Entomological
Research Center at Vero Beach
Year when Entomological Research Center's name was changed to the Florida Medical Entomology
Laboratory 1973
year when Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory was transferred to the University of Florida,
Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences 1979
Year when John A. Mulrennan, Sr. Public Health Entomology Research and Education Center (JAMS
PHEREC), formally the West Florida Arthropod Research Laboratory, was established at Panama City
with a primarily mission to study the biology and control of the "dog fly," known elsewhere as the
stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans), which plagues people on the Gulf beaches in summer, and to test
the efficacy of various insecticides on mosquitoes and other arthropods. 1963
Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, College of Engineering Sciences, Technology and
Agriculture, but its overall mission remains unchanged In 1963, JAMS PHEREC was transferred to
insects with long slender bodies, narrow wings with a fringe of scales on the hind margin and along
the veins, and long, very thin legs. In females, the elongate proboscis is firm and usually adapted for
piercing and sucking blood. Male mosquitoes cannot suck blood, and survive on nectar. Females are
also required to feed on nectar of various plants to obtain sugar for energy, but rely on a blood meal
for egg-laying Mosquitoes
egg, larva, pupa, and winged adult Four life stages
may be laid singly or in rafts, deposited in water, on the sides of containers where water will soon
cover them, or on damp soil where they must undergo a maturing process before they can hatch
when flooded by rainfall or high tides Eggs
Genera that deposit their eggs on the underside, and, less so, on the upper side of floating aquatic
plants such as water lettuce and water hyacinth. After the eggs hatch, the larvae or wrigglers begin
to feed on very small plant and animal particles, going through four growth stages or instars before
becoming pupae Mansonia