SANS 500 ACTUAL EXAM NEWEST 2025
COMPLETE 200 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED
A+||BRAND NEW VERSION!!
Cryptology - ANSWER -Encompasses cryptography and cryptanalysis
Encryption - ANSWER -Coding a message so that its meaning is concealed
Decryption - ANSWER -Process of transforming an encrypted message into it original form
Plaintext - ANSWER -Message in its original form
,Ciphertext - ANSWER -Message in its encrypted form
The more bits of encryption - ANSWER -The harder it is to break
COCOM - ANSWER -1991, allowed export of encryption except to dangerous countries
Wassenaar Arrangement - ANSWER -1995, 28 countries allowed free symmetric encryption export,
other crypto requires a license
European Union Controls - ANSWER -Focused on export of encryption regulated by the Concil Regulation
(EC)
United States Controls - ANSWER -No import restrictions, signed the Wassenaar Arrangement but with
strciter export controls
Symmetric Encryption (Confidentiality) - ANSWER -Same key used to Encrypt as to Decrypt. Fairly fast!
Symmetric Encryption Techniques - ANSWER -Exclusive OR (XOR)
Arbitrary Substitution
Rotation
Permutation
Hashing (Integrity) - ANSWER -One-way transformation which requires no key. Plaintext is not
recoverable (integrity)
Asymmetric Encryption (Authentication) - ANSWER -Public key, dual-key encryption. Whatever key
encrypts, only the other key decrypts
If you send a message to someones Public Key - ANSWER -Only their Private Key and decrypt the
message
, If you send to private key - ANSWER -Anyone can decrypt via the sender's public key
Digital Signature (Non-Repudiation) - ANSWER -Use public key cryptography to "sign" documents.
Signatures are mostly authentic and nonrepudiable. Sign with hash of private key
Stegonography - ANSWER -Data hiding involving concealing the fact that you are sending "sensitive"
information
Types of Steganography - ANSWER -Watermarking
Cryptography
Steganography
Confidentiality in Encryption - ANSWER -Any Cryptography
Integrity in Encryption - ANSWER -Hashing
Authentication in Encryption - ANSWER -Asymmetric Encryption
Non-Repudiation in Encryption - ANSWER -Asymmetric and Hashing
Data Encryption Standard (DES) - ANSWER -Released May 17th, 1975. Symmetric 64-bit block cipher
algorithm. 56-bit key size
Triple DES - ANSWER -Replaced DES by pushing plaintext through DES 3 times with 3 different keys
Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) - ANSWER -A new encryption algorithm that is being designed to be
effective into the 21st century (Rijndael). Approved on 12/26/2001 to replace Triple DES
COMPLETE 200 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED
A+||BRAND NEW VERSION!!
Cryptology - ANSWER -Encompasses cryptography and cryptanalysis
Encryption - ANSWER -Coding a message so that its meaning is concealed
Decryption - ANSWER -Process of transforming an encrypted message into it original form
Plaintext - ANSWER -Message in its original form
,Ciphertext - ANSWER -Message in its encrypted form
The more bits of encryption - ANSWER -The harder it is to break
COCOM - ANSWER -1991, allowed export of encryption except to dangerous countries
Wassenaar Arrangement - ANSWER -1995, 28 countries allowed free symmetric encryption export,
other crypto requires a license
European Union Controls - ANSWER -Focused on export of encryption regulated by the Concil Regulation
(EC)
United States Controls - ANSWER -No import restrictions, signed the Wassenaar Arrangement but with
strciter export controls
Symmetric Encryption (Confidentiality) - ANSWER -Same key used to Encrypt as to Decrypt. Fairly fast!
Symmetric Encryption Techniques - ANSWER -Exclusive OR (XOR)
Arbitrary Substitution
Rotation
Permutation
Hashing (Integrity) - ANSWER -One-way transformation which requires no key. Plaintext is not
recoverable (integrity)
Asymmetric Encryption (Authentication) - ANSWER -Public key, dual-key encryption. Whatever key
encrypts, only the other key decrypts
If you send a message to someones Public Key - ANSWER -Only their Private Key and decrypt the
message
, If you send to private key - ANSWER -Anyone can decrypt via the sender's public key
Digital Signature (Non-Repudiation) - ANSWER -Use public key cryptography to "sign" documents.
Signatures are mostly authentic and nonrepudiable. Sign with hash of private key
Stegonography - ANSWER -Data hiding involving concealing the fact that you are sending "sensitive"
information
Types of Steganography - ANSWER -Watermarking
Cryptography
Steganography
Confidentiality in Encryption - ANSWER -Any Cryptography
Integrity in Encryption - ANSWER -Hashing
Authentication in Encryption - ANSWER -Asymmetric Encryption
Non-Repudiation in Encryption - ANSWER -Asymmetric and Hashing
Data Encryption Standard (DES) - ANSWER -Released May 17th, 1975. Symmetric 64-bit block cipher
algorithm. 56-bit key size
Triple DES - ANSWER -Replaced DES by pushing plaintext through DES 3 times with 3 different keys
Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) - ANSWER -A new encryption algorithm that is being designed to be
effective into the 21st century (Rijndael). Approved on 12/26/2001 to replace Triple DES
