Motivation
* The word Motivation derives from the Latin word “Movere” which means “To move”, “To
drive” or “To drive forward” etc.
* Motivation is the act of inspiring and encouraging subordinates or people to do work
effectively so that both organizational and individual goals can be achieved.
* It is the activators of human behaviours to do something.
* The driver of their actions may be money need, success need, position need, and their best
potentiality.
Edwin B. Flippo defines "motivation is the process of attempting to influence others to do their
work through the possibility of gain or reward".
According to William G. Scott, “motivation means a process of stimulating people to action to
accomplish desired goals”.
Characteristics of motivation
1. Motivation is a continuous process
2. Motivation is a psychological phenomenon
3. Motivation is a dynamic process
4. Motivation is a complex process
5. Motivation is goal oriented
6. Motivation can be either Positive or Negative
7. Motivation is behaviour-oriented
8. Motivation is influenced by social and cultural norms
Importance of Motivation
1. Puts human resources into action
2. Improves performance level
3. Reduction in employee turnover
4. Readiness for change
5. Achieving organizational goals
6. Maintain friendly relationships
7. Reduce absenteeism
8. Helps with attitude of employees
, Motivation Process
1. Need identification
In the first phase of the process of motivation is the employee feels the certain need that is
unsatisfied & hence he identifies that need.
2. Exploring ways to fulfill the need
In this phase of the process of motivation, different alternative ways are explored that can satisfy
the unsatisfied need that is identified in the first phase.
3. Selecting goals
In the third phase of the process of motivation, the goals are selected on the basis of identifying
needs and alternative course of actions.
4. Performance of employee
In the fourth phase of the motivation process, the identified need stimulates the employees to
perform in a certain way that has already been considered by him.
5. Rewards / punishments as consequences of performance
If the consequences of the particular course of action followed by an employee are in the form of
rewards, then the employee would be motivated to perform the same level of efforts for
acquisition of similar rewards in future.
6. Reassessment for deficiencies of need
When an employee feels satisfaction for his certain unsatisfied need through the rewards of a
certain line of action, then he again reassesses any further unsatisfied need and resultantly the
whole process is repeated again.
Motivation Theories
Maslow's hierarchy of needs:
The theory was created by American psychologist Abraham Maslow (1908-1970). Maslow's
theory has influenced other psychologists and contributed to the field of positive psychology.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a theory that suggests that human behavior is motivated by five
categories of needs. The needs are physiological, safety, love and belonging, esteem, and self-
actualization.
Physiological needs: The most basic needs for survival, such as food, water, shelter, and sleep
Safety needs: The need for security and protection
Love and belonging: The need for connection and acceptance, such as through relationships and
groups
Esteem needs: The need for respect, self-esteem, and recognition
* The word Motivation derives from the Latin word “Movere” which means “To move”, “To
drive” or “To drive forward” etc.
* Motivation is the act of inspiring and encouraging subordinates or people to do work
effectively so that both organizational and individual goals can be achieved.
* It is the activators of human behaviours to do something.
* The driver of their actions may be money need, success need, position need, and their best
potentiality.
Edwin B. Flippo defines "motivation is the process of attempting to influence others to do their
work through the possibility of gain or reward".
According to William G. Scott, “motivation means a process of stimulating people to action to
accomplish desired goals”.
Characteristics of motivation
1. Motivation is a continuous process
2. Motivation is a psychological phenomenon
3. Motivation is a dynamic process
4. Motivation is a complex process
5. Motivation is goal oriented
6. Motivation can be either Positive or Negative
7. Motivation is behaviour-oriented
8. Motivation is influenced by social and cultural norms
Importance of Motivation
1. Puts human resources into action
2. Improves performance level
3. Reduction in employee turnover
4. Readiness for change
5. Achieving organizational goals
6. Maintain friendly relationships
7. Reduce absenteeism
8. Helps with attitude of employees
, Motivation Process
1. Need identification
In the first phase of the process of motivation is the employee feels the certain need that is
unsatisfied & hence he identifies that need.
2. Exploring ways to fulfill the need
In this phase of the process of motivation, different alternative ways are explored that can satisfy
the unsatisfied need that is identified in the first phase.
3. Selecting goals
In the third phase of the process of motivation, the goals are selected on the basis of identifying
needs and alternative course of actions.
4. Performance of employee
In the fourth phase of the motivation process, the identified need stimulates the employees to
perform in a certain way that has already been considered by him.
5. Rewards / punishments as consequences of performance
If the consequences of the particular course of action followed by an employee are in the form of
rewards, then the employee would be motivated to perform the same level of efforts for
acquisition of similar rewards in future.
6. Reassessment for deficiencies of need
When an employee feels satisfaction for his certain unsatisfied need through the rewards of a
certain line of action, then he again reassesses any further unsatisfied need and resultantly the
whole process is repeated again.
Motivation Theories
Maslow's hierarchy of needs:
The theory was created by American psychologist Abraham Maslow (1908-1970). Maslow's
theory has influenced other psychologists and contributed to the field of positive psychology.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a theory that suggests that human behavior is motivated by five
categories of needs. The needs are physiological, safety, love and belonging, esteem, and self-
actualization.
Physiological needs: The most basic needs for survival, such as food, water, shelter, and sleep
Safety needs: The need for security and protection
Love and belonging: The need for connection and acceptance, such as through relationships and
groups
Esteem needs: The need for respect, self-esteem, and recognition
