Demyelinating Central Nervous System Disorders: Multiple Sclerosis, Neuromyelitis Optica, Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy, Central Pontine Myelinolysis, Optic Neuritis, Transverse Myelitis, CNS Autoimmunity, Oligodendrocyte Demyelination, Relap

Demyelinating Central Nervous System Disorders: Multiple Sclerosis, Neuromyelitis Optica, Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy, Central Pontine Myelinolysis, Optic Neuritis, Transverse Myelitis, CNS Autoimmunity, Oligodendrocyte Demyelination, Relapsing-Remitting MS, Dawson’s Fingers, IgG Oligoclonal Bands, Uhtoff’s Phenomenon, Lhermitte’s Sign, JC Virus, Acute Steroid Therapy, Neuroimaging Markers, CNS Inflammation, Vitamin D Deficiency Exam Questions Verified andProvided with A+ Graded Rationales Latest Updated 2026 Multiple Sclerosis (MS) disease of the CNS characterized by the demyelination of nerve fibers/ogliodendrocytes (autoimmune attack) - episodes relapsing & remitting - potentially a lack of Vit. D How is MS diagnosed? clinically - Dawson's fingers/periventricular white matter - IgG and Oligoclonal bands - Modified McDonald Criteria - very broad symptoms initially - Uhtoff's phenomenon - Lhermitte's sign (painful electric shock sensation) Dawson's fingers are associated with what disease? (HY) Multiple Sclerosis (paraventricular white matter lesions) What are the immune markers for MS? (HY) IgG Oligoclonal bands modified McDonald criteria = multiple sclerosis confirmatory criteria Acute treatment for MS steroids for the inflammation - treats relapses Methylpredinsolone Prednisone A PT presents with weakness, and sensory problems. Upon MRI results show Dawson's fingers and spinal fluid markers reveal IgG oligoclonal bands. What disease? What can you give to relieve their symptoms? Multiple Sclerosis - give them steroids for acute inflammation optic neuritis inflammation of the optic nerve (CN II) - PAIN WITH EYE MOVEMENT - central scotoma (vision loss) - blurred borders of optic disc - afferent pupillary defect ***follow up with this PT for evidence of MS A PT presents with a chief complaint of decreased vision and pain with eye movement. You perform an eye exam and notice her optic disc borders are very blurred. What disease? optic neuritis (CN II) transverse myelitis (HY) inflammation over several segments of the spinal cord - associated with demyelinating diseases - Sudden onset of bilateral weakness and sensory disturbance at “nipple line” or “below umbilicus” ***follow up with PT for concerns of MS or neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (IMO) A PT prese