Shoulder Girdle, Clavicle, Scapula, Humerus,
Rotator Cuff, Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres
Minor, Subscapularis, Glenohumeral,
Sternoclavicular, Acromioclavicular,
Scapulothoracic, Elbow, Radioulnar, Biceps,
Tendonitis, Carpal Tunnel, Wrist, Hand,
Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis – Complete
High-Yield Exam Notes & OMT Techniques Exam
Questions Provided with Complete A+ Graded
Rationales Latest Updated 2026
Shoulder Girdle Bones
Clavicle, scapula, and proximal humerus
Articulations of the shoulder girdle
Glenohumeral joint
Sternoclavicular joint
Acromioclavicular joint
Scapulothoracic joint
What is the only bony attachment between the trunk and upper limb?
sternoclavicular joint
Angles of the scapula
What Spinal level is the Inferior Angle
lateral-glenoid fossa
superior
inferior (T7 level)
1|Page
,Processes of the scapula
At what level is the spine of the scapula?
spine (T3 level)
acromion
coracoid process
3 borders of the scapula
What muscle attaches to the lateral border?
superior border
lateral border-teres minor
medial border
What are the 2 surfaces of the scapula?
posterior surface
costal surface
What are the two Posterior surfaces of the scapula
What muscle originates here
Supraspinous fossa-origin for supraspinatus muscle
Infraspinous fossa-origin for infraspinatus muscle
What are the Costal surfaces of the scapula
What muscle originates here
Subscapular fossa-origin for subscapularis muscle
Be familiar with these landmarks on the bone
Anatomical neck of the humerus
Greater tuberosity of the humerus
surgical neck of the humerus
humeral head of the humerus
2|Page
,inter tubercular groove of the humerus
lesser tuberosity of the humerus
deltoid tuberosity of the humerus
Supraspinatus (Rotator Cuff Muscle)
Origin, Insertion, Action
Origin: supraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion: Superior facet of greater tubercle of proximal humerus
Action: Abduction
What does the Empty Can (Jobe) Test test?
assess supraspinatus muscle strength
How to perform the Empty Can (Jobe) Test
examiner passively abducts the shoulder to 90 degrees, flex to 30 degrees, internally rotating
with thumbs pointing down
provide resistance as the patient lifts upwards
**put the arm in a little flexion with some internal rotation**
What does pain/weakness suggest in the Empty Can (Jobe) Test?
possible tendinopathy or tear
What does the Neer Impingement Test test?
Assess rotator cuff impingement
How does the Neer Impingement Test work?
Examiner passively flexes and internally rotates to the max while stabilizing the glenohumeral
joint to prevent shoulder shrugging
Pain at 90 degrees in the neer impingement test is indicative of what?
Pain at 60-70 degrees
Pain at 45 degrees
•Pain at 90 degrees – mild impingement
•Pain at 60-70 degrees – moderate impingement
3|Page
, •Pain at 45 degrees or below – severe impingement
infraspinatus muscle (rotator cuff muscle)
Origin, Insertion, Action
Origin: Infraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion: Middle facet of greater tubercle of proximal humerus
Action: External Rotation
Teres Minor Muscle (rotator cuff muscle)
Origin, Insertion, Action
Origin: lateral border of scapula
Insertion: inferior facet of greater tubercle of proximal humerus
Action: external rotation and weak adduction
Primary External Rotation uses:
1. infraspinatus, suprascapular nerve, C5, C6
2. Teres minor, branch of axillary nerve, C5
Secondary External Rotation uses:
Posterior portion of the deltoid
What does pain during the Hawkins test indicate?
Pain may indicate rotator cuff tear or tendinitis
Impinges supraspinatus
May also impinge teres minor, and infraspinatus
How do you perform the Hawkins test
Shoulder forward flexed to 90 degrees
elbow flexed to 90 degrees
examiner grasps patients elbow with one hand and their wrist with the other
examiner passively internally rotates the shoulder
Subscapularis muscle (rotator cuff muscle)
4|Page
Rotator Cuff, Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres
Minor, Subscapularis, Glenohumeral,
Sternoclavicular, Acromioclavicular,
Scapulothoracic, Elbow, Radioulnar, Biceps,
Tendonitis, Carpal Tunnel, Wrist, Hand,
Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis – Complete
High-Yield Exam Notes & OMT Techniques Exam
Questions Provided with Complete A+ Graded
Rationales Latest Updated 2026
Shoulder Girdle Bones
Clavicle, scapula, and proximal humerus
Articulations of the shoulder girdle
Glenohumeral joint
Sternoclavicular joint
Acromioclavicular joint
Scapulothoracic joint
What is the only bony attachment between the trunk and upper limb?
sternoclavicular joint
Angles of the scapula
What Spinal level is the Inferior Angle
lateral-glenoid fossa
superior
inferior (T7 level)
1|Page
,Processes of the scapula
At what level is the spine of the scapula?
spine (T3 level)
acromion
coracoid process
3 borders of the scapula
What muscle attaches to the lateral border?
superior border
lateral border-teres minor
medial border
What are the 2 surfaces of the scapula?
posterior surface
costal surface
What are the two Posterior surfaces of the scapula
What muscle originates here
Supraspinous fossa-origin for supraspinatus muscle
Infraspinous fossa-origin for infraspinatus muscle
What are the Costal surfaces of the scapula
What muscle originates here
Subscapular fossa-origin for subscapularis muscle
Be familiar with these landmarks on the bone
Anatomical neck of the humerus
Greater tuberosity of the humerus
surgical neck of the humerus
humeral head of the humerus
2|Page
,inter tubercular groove of the humerus
lesser tuberosity of the humerus
deltoid tuberosity of the humerus
Supraspinatus (Rotator Cuff Muscle)
Origin, Insertion, Action
Origin: supraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion: Superior facet of greater tubercle of proximal humerus
Action: Abduction
What does the Empty Can (Jobe) Test test?
assess supraspinatus muscle strength
How to perform the Empty Can (Jobe) Test
examiner passively abducts the shoulder to 90 degrees, flex to 30 degrees, internally rotating
with thumbs pointing down
provide resistance as the patient lifts upwards
**put the arm in a little flexion with some internal rotation**
What does pain/weakness suggest in the Empty Can (Jobe) Test?
possible tendinopathy or tear
What does the Neer Impingement Test test?
Assess rotator cuff impingement
How does the Neer Impingement Test work?
Examiner passively flexes and internally rotates to the max while stabilizing the glenohumeral
joint to prevent shoulder shrugging
Pain at 90 degrees in the neer impingement test is indicative of what?
Pain at 60-70 degrees
Pain at 45 degrees
•Pain at 90 degrees – mild impingement
•Pain at 60-70 degrees – moderate impingement
3|Page
, •Pain at 45 degrees or below – severe impingement
infraspinatus muscle (rotator cuff muscle)
Origin, Insertion, Action
Origin: Infraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion: Middle facet of greater tubercle of proximal humerus
Action: External Rotation
Teres Minor Muscle (rotator cuff muscle)
Origin, Insertion, Action
Origin: lateral border of scapula
Insertion: inferior facet of greater tubercle of proximal humerus
Action: external rotation and weak adduction
Primary External Rotation uses:
1. infraspinatus, suprascapular nerve, C5, C6
2. Teres minor, branch of axillary nerve, C5
Secondary External Rotation uses:
Posterior portion of the deltoid
What does pain during the Hawkins test indicate?
Pain may indicate rotator cuff tear or tendinitis
Impinges supraspinatus
May also impinge teres minor, and infraspinatus
How do you perform the Hawkins test
Shoulder forward flexed to 90 degrees
elbow flexed to 90 degrees
examiner grasps patients elbow with one hand and their wrist with the other
examiner passively internally rotates the shoulder
Subscapularis muscle (rotator cuff muscle)
4|Page
