PNH301 Test 2 – Questions With Thorough Solutions
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Terms in this set (128)
What is high blood pressure? 140/90 mmHg
Primary HTN elevated BP in the absence of underlying disease
Secondary HTN high BP due to underlying pathophysiology (disease/disorder)
Diseases/Disorders that Contribute to HTN - kidney disease
- endocrine disorders
- pregnancy
- medications (steroids, contraceptives)
- neurological disorders
- congenital aortic disorders (coarctation or narrowing)
Diagnosing Hypertension (identifying if - urinalysis
there's an underlying cause) - blood chemistry (K+, Na, blood urea, and creatinine)
- fasting blood glucose
- fasting total cholesterol
- 12 lead EKG
Complications of HTN - coronary artery disease
- left ventricular hypertrophy
- heart failure
- cerebrovascular disease
- peripheral arterial disease
- nephrosclerosis
- retinal damage
- arterial vessels of lower extremities
Prevalence of HTN in specific groups - prevalence increases with age
- women with high BP have a greater risk for cardiovascular
disease
- Indigenous people have a higher incidence of
cardiovascular disease than non-indigenous people in Canada
- more prevalent in older women than in older men
Secondary Symptom's of HTN - fatigue
- decreased activity tolerance
- palpitations
- angina
- dyspnea
,Lifestyle Modifications (HTN) - nutrition
- weight reduction
- modification in alcohol consumption
- physical activity
- avoidance of tobacco products
- stress management
Goals of HTN Management - achieve and maintain target BP
- understand and implement therapeutic plan
- menial or no unpleasant adverse effects
- confidence of ability to manage and cope with condition
Age- Related Considerations (HTN) - loss of tissue elasticity
- increased collagen content and stiffness of the myocardium
- increased peripheral vascular resistance
- decreased B-adrenergic receptor sensitivity
- blunting of baroreceptor reflexes
- decreased kidney function
- decreased renin response to sodium and water depletion
What is a hypertensive crisis? - severe abrupt increases in DBP (defined as >120-130 mmHg)
- rate of increase in BP is more important than the absolute
value
- often occurs in patients with a hisotry of HTN who have
failed to adhere to their medication regimen or who have
been under medicated
(180/120)
Hypertensive Crisis: Clinical Manifestations - encephaopathy, cerebral hemorrhage
- acute renal failure
- MI
- acute left ventricular failure with pulmonary edema
- dissecting aortic aneurysm
Management of Hypertensive Crisis - IV
- Monitor cardiac/renal function
- ongoing regular assessment
- neurological checks
- determine cause
- education
The nurse providing dietary instructions to a A. Canned vegetables
patient with hypertension would advise B. Red meat
cutting down on the intake of which foods? E. Processed cheeses
Select all that apply. One, some, or all
responses may be correct.
A. Canned vegetables
B. Red meat
C. Baked chicken
D. Canned fruit
E. Processed cheeses
, Which factor is considered a non modifiable A. Age 65 years
risk factor for the development of C. African descent
hypertension? Select all that apply. One, E. A family history of hypertension
some, or all responses may be correct.
A. Age 65 years
B. Excessive dietary sodium
C. African descent
D. Excessive alcohol consumption
E. A family history of hypertension
Which response by the nurse is best when a A. "There is no one identifiable reason"
patient who has been diagnosed with
primary hypertension asks the nurse what
caused this condition?
A. "There is no one identifiable reason"
B. "Kidney disease is the most common
reason"
C. "It is caused by a decrease in plasma
renin levels"
D. "There is too much plaque in the blood
vessels"
What is acute coronary syndrome? Associated with deterioration of an atherosclerotic plaque
that was once stable
Plaque ruptures, exposing the intima to blood and stimulating
platelet aggregation and local vasoconstriction with thrombus
formation
What are the three types of acute coronary - unstable angina
syndrome? - unstable lesion may be partially occuluded by a thrombus
(NSTEMI)
- unstable lesion that may be totally occluded (STEMI)
What is a myocardial farction? - heart attack
- happens when a part of the heart muscle doesn't get
enough blood
Clinical Manifestation of an MI? - pain, sternal pain "elephant on my chest", pain that radiates
down arm, generalized discomfort that is hard to explain
(common in women)
- SOB
- nausea/vomiting or feelings of bad reflux
- sense of impending doom
- cardiovascular manifestations
- diaphoretic
MI Diagnostics - ECG - may see ST elevation (need to see if two leads or
more) could see T wave inversion, or ST depression
- serum cardiac markers (troponin, creatine kinase, myoglobin)
- coronary angiography
Complications of MI - dysrhythmias
- heart failure
- cardiogenic shock
- pericarditis
- ventricular aneurysm
- papillary muscle dysfunction
Save
Students also studied
WSC 2026: Are we there yet? Social Science Nationalism Vocab T... WSC 2026 Next Year
Teacher 156 terms 21 terms Teacher 50 terms
Amy_Woodall4 Preview Keiya_Raja Preview Sandywu1205
Terms in this set (128)
What is high blood pressure? 140/90 mmHg
Primary HTN elevated BP in the absence of underlying disease
Secondary HTN high BP due to underlying pathophysiology (disease/disorder)
Diseases/Disorders that Contribute to HTN - kidney disease
- endocrine disorders
- pregnancy
- medications (steroids, contraceptives)
- neurological disorders
- congenital aortic disorders (coarctation or narrowing)
Diagnosing Hypertension (identifying if - urinalysis
there's an underlying cause) - blood chemistry (K+, Na, blood urea, and creatinine)
- fasting blood glucose
- fasting total cholesterol
- 12 lead EKG
Complications of HTN - coronary artery disease
- left ventricular hypertrophy
- heart failure
- cerebrovascular disease
- peripheral arterial disease
- nephrosclerosis
- retinal damage
- arterial vessels of lower extremities
Prevalence of HTN in specific groups - prevalence increases with age
- women with high BP have a greater risk for cardiovascular
disease
- Indigenous people have a higher incidence of
cardiovascular disease than non-indigenous people in Canada
- more prevalent in older women than in older men
Secondary Symptom's of HTN - fatigue
- decreased activity tolerance
- palpitations
- angina
- dyspnea
,Lifestyle Modifications (HTN) - nutrition
- weight reduction
- modification in alcohol consumption
- physical activity
- avoidance of tobacco products
- stress management
Goals of HTN Management - achieve and maintain target BP
- understand and implement therapeutic plan
- menial or no unpleasant adverse effects
- confidence of ability to manage and cope with condition
Age- Related Considerations (HTN) - loss of tissue elasticity
- increased collagen content and stiffness of the myocardium
- increased peripheral vascular resistance
- decreased B-adrenergic receptor sensitivity
- blunting of baroreceptor reflexes
- decreased kidney function
- decreased renin response to sodium and water depletion
What is a hypertensive crisis? - severe abrupt increases in DBP (defined as >120-130 mmHg)
- rate of increase in BP is more important than the absolute
value
- often occurs in patients with a hisotry of HTN who have
failed to adhere to their medication regimen or who have
been under medicated
(180/120)
Hypertensive Crisis: Clinical Manifestations - encephaopathy, cerebral hemorrhage
- acute renal failure
- MI
- acute left ventricular failure with pulmonary edema
- dissecting aortic aneurysm
Management of Hypertensive Crisis - IV
- Monitor cardiac/renal function
- ongoing regular assessment
- neurological checks
- determine cause
- education
The nurse providing dietary instructions to a A. Canned vegetables
patient with hypertension would advise B. Red meat
cutting down on the intake of which foods? E. Processed cheeses
Select all that apply. One, some, or all
responses may be correct.
A. Canned vegetables
B. Red meat
C. Baked chicken
D. Canned fruit
E. Processed cheeses
, Which factor is considered a non modifiable A. Age 65 years
risk factor for the development of C. African descent
hypertension? Select all that apply. One, E. A family history of hypertension
some, or all responses may be correct.
A. Age 65 years
B. Excessive dietary sodium
C. African descent
D. Excessive alcohol consumption
E. A family history of hypertension
Which response by the nurse is best when a A. "There is no one identifiable reason"
patient who has been diagnosed with
primary hypertension asks the nurse what
caused this condition?
A. "There is no one identifiable reason"
B. "Kidney disease is the most common
reason"
C. "It is caused by a decrease in plasma
renin levels"
D. "There is too much plaque in the blood
vessels"
What is acute coronary syndrome? Associated with deterioration of an atherosclerotic plaque
that was once stable
Plaque ruptures, exposing the intima to blood and stimulating
platelet aggregation and local vasoconstriction with thrombus
formation
What are the three types of acute coronary - unstable angina
syndrome? - unstable lesion may be partially occuluded by a thrombus
(NSTEMI)
- unstable lesion that may be totally occluded (STEMI)
What is a myocardial farction? - heart attack
- happens when a part of the heart muscle doesn't get
enough blood
Clinical Manifestation of an MI? - pain, sternal pain "elephant on my chest", pain that radiates
down arm, generalized discomfort that is hard to explain
(common in women)
- SOB
- nausea/vomiting or feelings of bad reflux
- sense of impending doom
- cardiovascular manifestations
- diaphoretic
MI Diagnostics - ECG - may see ST elevation (need to see if two leads or
more) could see T wave inversion, or ST depression
- serum cardiac markers (troponin, creatine kinase, myoglobin)
- coronary angiography
Complications of MI - dysrhythmias
- heart failure
- cardiogenic shock
- pericarditis
- ventricular aneurysm
- papillary muscle dysfunction
