PNP301 Test 3 – Questions With Verified Solutions
Save
Students also studied
WSC 2026: Are we there yet? Social Science Nationalism Vocab T... WSC 2026 Next Year
Teacher 156 terms 21 terms Teacher 50 terms
Amy_Woodall4 Preview Keiya_Raja Preview Sandywu1205
Terms in this set (227)
What is shock? Widespread abnormal cellular metabolism that occurs when
the human need for oxygenation and tissue perfusion is not
met to the level needed to maintain cell function.
What is tissue perfusion? blood flow through body tissues
What is shock the result of? decreased circulating blood volume leading to decreased
tissue perfusion and general hypoxia
Why is shock considered a syndrome? Identified through S&S
Because the cellular, tissue, and organ events that occur in
response to its presence happen in a predictable sequence.
What type of response is usually triggered whole-body
when someone goes into shock?
What are main initial manifestations of - hypotension
shock? (2) - anaerobic cellular metabolism
What is hypovalemic shock? extensive loss of blood/ fluid volume
What commonly causes hypovalemic Commonly caused by hemorrhage (external or internal) and
shock? dehydration (diarrhea/vomiting)
What is cardiogenic shock? Occurs when the heart is damaged and unable to supply
sufficient blood to the body
What is vasogenic shock? caused by sepsis, deep anesthesia, or anaphylaxis
circulatory failure resulting from vasodilation
What is sepsis? - systemic inflammatory response to documented or
suspected infection
- presence of tissue perfusion abnormalities
What is anaphylaxis? -Severe allergic reaction
- Massive vasodilation
- Increased capillary permeability
,What are clinical manifestations of - Anxiety, confusion, dizziness
anaphylaxis? - Sense of impending doom
- Chest pain
- Incontinence
- Swelling of the lips and tongue, angioedema
- wheezing
- respiratory distress and circulatory failure
What is neurogenic shock? Hemodynamic phenomenon that can occur within 30 minutes
of a spinal cord injury at the fifth thoracic (T5) vertebra or
above and can last up to 6 weeks.
- spinal cord injury
- opiod overdose
Sequence of Neurogenic Shock - loss of sympathetic tone
- venous and arterial vasodilation
- decreased BP
- decreased venous return
- decreased stroke volume
- decreased cardiac output
- decreased cellular oxgen supply
- decreased tissue perfusion
- impaired cellular metabolism
What is poikilothermia? inability to regulate body temperature
taking on the temperature of the environment
Stages of Circulatory Shock 1) compensatory
2) progressive
3) decompensated/refractory
What is the difference between relative and absolute = reduction in total circulating blood volume
absolute hypovalemia?
relative = decrease in the effective circulating blood volume
(ex sepsis)
What are the precipitating factors of - Myocardial infarction
cardiogenic shock? - Cardiomyopathy
- Blunt cardiac injury
- Severe systemic or pulmonary hypertension
- Cardiac tamponade
- Myocardial depression from metabolic problems
Damage to heart muscle
What is SIRS? systemic inflammatory response syndrome
What is systemic inflammatory response when generalized inflammation occurs and threatens vital
syndrome? organs
S&S of SIRS 1) unexplained change in mental status (confusion, not as
awake and alert as normal).
2) fever of more than 100.4° F
3) increased heart rate
4) increased respiratory rate
5) abnormal white blood cell count (over 10,000)
, What is distributive shock? Shock due to widespread vasodilation
blood volume is not lost but is distributed to the interstitial
tissues where it cannot circulate and deliver oxygen
What is anasarca? generalized edema
What is V/Q? Ventilation-perfusion ratio
What does V/Q mismatch mean? occurs when either the ventilation (airflow) or perfusion
(blood flow) in the lungs is impaired, preventing the lungs
from optimally delivering oxygen to the blood
see in the progressive stage of shock
What diagnostic tests would you do to - arterial line
confirm cardiogenic shock? - central line
- blood work
Why do you need an arterial line to to allow for continuous monitoring of systolic blood pressure
manage/confirm cardiogenic shock? (SBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP)
Why do you need a central line to in order to administer vasoactive agents, and measure central
manage/confirm cardiogenic shock? venous pressure and central venous oxygenation when
appropriate
What would you check for in someones - BUN
bloodwork to confirm/manage shock? - Creatinine
- Cardiac Enzymes (CK-MB, Troponin, ESR, BNP, CBC (WBC)
- ABGs
- electrolytes-Na+, K+)
The nurse determine that the client in shock c) Increased serum potassium levels
had progressed beyond the compensated
stage with which laboratory test result Decreased potassium is found in early shock because of
a) Increased blood glucose levels increased secretion of aldosterone, causing renal excretion of
b) Increased serum sodium levels potassium; however, when the patient's shock progresses
c) Increased serum potassium levels beyond the compensated stage, the potassium increases
d) Increased serum calcium levels because cellular death liberates intracellular potassiu
What is the composition of blood? 55% plasma, 45% cellular components (erythrocytes,
leukocytes, thrombocytes)
What does the body require to produce red - Erythropoietin
blood cells? - Proteins (required for globin synthesis)
- Iron
- Vitamin B12 and folic acid
- Vitamin B6
- Vitamin C
- Thyroid hormones, estrogens and androgens
What is erythropoiesis? production of red blood cells
What stimulates RBC production? - erythoprotein (synthesized in kidney)
- stimulated by hypoxia
What is hemolysis? destruction of red blood cells
Save
Students also studied
WSC 2026: Are we there yet? Social Science Nationalism Vocab T... WSC 2026 Next Year
Teacher 156 terms 21 terms Teacher 50 terms
Amy_Woodall4 Preview Keiya_Raja Preview Sandywu1205
Terms in this set (227)
What is shock? Widespread abnormal cellular metabolism that occurs when
the human need for oxygenation and tissue perfusion is not
met to the level needed to maintain cell function.
What is tissue perfusion? blood flow through body tissues
What is shock the result of? decreased circulating blood volume leading to decreased
tissue perfusion and general hypoxia
Why is shock considered a syndrome? Identified through S&S
Because the cellular, tissue, and organ events that occur in
response to its presence happen in a predictable sequence.
What type of response is usually triggered whole-body
when someone goes into shock?
What are main initial manifestations of - hypotension
shock? (2) - anaerobic cellular metabolism
What is hypovalemic shock? extensive loss of blood/ fluid volume
What commonly causes hypovalemic Commonly caused by hemorrhage (external or internal) and
shock? dehydration (diarrhea/vomiting)
What is cardiogenic shock? Occurs when the heart is damaged and unable to supply
sufficient blood to the body
What is vasogenic shock? caused by sepsis, deep anesthesia, or anaphylaxis
circulatory failure resulting from vasodilation
What is sepsis? - systemic inflammatory response to documented or
suspected infection
- presence of tissue perfusion abnormalities
What is anaphylaxis? -Severe allergic reaction
- Massive vasodilation
- Increased capillary permeability
,What are clinical manifestations of - Anxiety, confusion, dizziness
anaphylaxis? - Sense of impending doom
- Chest pain
- Incontinence
- Swelling of the lips and tongue, angioedema
- wheezing
- respiratory distress and circulatory failure
What is neurogenic shock? Hemodynamic phenomenon that can occur within 30 minutes
of a spinal cord injury at the fifth thoracic (T5) vertebra or
above and can last up to 6 weeks.
- spinal cord injury
- opiod overdose
Sequence of Neurogenic Shock - loss of sympathetic tone
- venous and arterial vasodilation
- decreased BP
- decreased venous return
- decreased stroke volume
- decreased cardiac output
- decreased cellular oxgen supply
- decreased tissue perfusion
- impaired cellular metabolism
What is poikilothermia? inability to regulate body temperature
taking on the temperature of the environment
Stages of Circulatory Shock 1) compensatory
2) progressive
3) decompensated/refractory
What is the difference between relative and absolute = reduction in total circulating blood volume
absolute hypovalemia?
relative = decrease in the effective circulating blood volume
(ex sepsis)
What are the precipitating factors of - Myocardial infarction
cardiogenic shock? - Cardiomyopathy
- Blunt cardiac injury
- Severe systemic or pulmonary hypertension
- Cardiac tamponade
- Myocardial depression from metabolic problems
Damage to heart muscle
What is SIRS? systemic inflammatory response syndrome
What is systemic inflammatory response when generalized inflammation occurs and threatens vital
syndrome? organs
S&S of SIRS 1) unexplained change in mental status (confusion, not as
awake and alert as normal).
2) fever of more than 100.4° F
3) increased heart rate
4) increased respiratory rate
5) abnormal white blood cell count (over 10,000)
, What is distributive shock? Shock due to widespread vasodilation
blood volume is not lost but is distributed to the interstitial
tissues where it cannot circulate and deliver oxygen
What is anasarca? generalized edema
What is V/Q? Ventilation-perfusion ratio
What does V/Q mismatch mean? occurs when either the ventilation (airflow) or perfusion
(blood flow) in the lungs is impaired, preventing the lungs
from optimally delivering oxygen to the blood
see in the progressive stage of shock
What diagnostic tests would you do to - arterial line
confirm cardiogenic shock? - central line
- blood work
Why do you need an arterial line to to allow for continuous monitoring of systolic blood pressure
manage/confirm cardiogenic shock? (SBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP)
Why do you need a central line to in order to administer vasoactive agents, and measure central
manage/confirm cardiogenic shock? venous pressure and central venous oxygenation when
appropriate
What would you check for in someones - BUN
bloodwork to confirm/manage shock? - Creatinine
- Cardiac Enzymes (CK-MB, Troponin, ESR, BNP, CBC (WBC)
- ABGs
- electrolytes-Na+, K+)
The nurse determine that the client in shock c) Increased serum potassium levels
had progressed beyond the compensated
stage with which laboratory test result Decreased potassium is found in early shock because of
a) Increased blood glucose levels increased secretion of aldosterone, causing renal excretion of
b) Increased serum sodium levels potassium; however, when the patient's shock progresses
c) Increased serum potassium levels beyond the compensated stage, the potassium increases
d) Increased serum calcium levels because cellular death liberates intracellular potassiu
What is the composition of blood? 55% plasma, 45% cellular components (erythrocytes,
leukocytes, thrombocytes)
What does the body require to produce red - Erythropoietin
blood cells? - Proteins (required for globin synthesis)
- Iron
- Vitamin B12 and folic acid
- Vitamin B6
- Vitamin C
- Thyroid hormones, estrogens and androgens
What is erythropoiesis? production of red blood cells
What stimulates RBC production? - erythoprotein (synthesized in kidney)
- stimulated by hypoxia
What is hemolysis? destruction of red blood cells
