CNA Exam 4 Chapter 1-24 Final Exam Questions and Answers

CNA Exam 4 Chapter 1-24 Final Exam Questions and Answers 1- acute care 24 hour skilled care given in hospitals and ambulatory surgical centers for people who require short term immediate care for illness and injuries subacute care care given in hospitals or longterm care facilities for people who need less care than for acute care but more care than a chronic illness hospice care given in facilities or homes for people who have approximately six months or less to live 2- occupational therapist helps residents learn to adapt to disabilities nursing assistants scope of practice and tubes/dressings NAs are not allowed to insert or remove tubes, give tube feedings, or change sterile dressings chain of command describes the line of authority and makes sure residents get proper health care also protects employees and employers form liability scope of practice defines the tasks that healthcare providers are legally allowed to do as permitted by state or federal law NAs and sterile technique NAs do not perform procedures that require sterile techniques care plan activities not listed on the care plan should not be performed 3- ethics The knowledge of right and wrong Ethics and laws and their importance in healthcare Ethics and laws are extremely important in health care They protect people receiving care and giving care NAs and other healthcare providers should be guided by a code of ethics and they must know the laws that apply to their job NA training Must complete at least 75 hours of training including topics like communication, preventing infections, safety and emergency procedures, and how to promote residents' independence and legal rights NAs and abuse -NAs must never abuse residents in any way -they must protect residents from others who abuse them -if an NA ever sees or suspects that another care giver, family member, or resident is abusing a resident, they must report this immediately to the nurse in charge (or up the chain of command) -reporting abuse or suspected abuse is not optional it is the LAW Ignoring a request is Negligent behavior Report this sign of abuse and neglect Scalp tenderness or patches of missing hair to respect confidentiality means... To keep private things private Durable power of attorney for health care Aka health care proxy A signed, dated, and witnessed legal document that appoints someone to make medical decisions for a person in the event they become unable to do so 4- cliches Phrases used over and over again and do not really mean anything Instead of using a cliche the NA should listen to what the resident is really saying and respond with a meaningful message Be a good listener The NA should allow the other person to express their ideas completely. They should concentrate on what the resident is saying and not interrupt Objective information aka signs based on what a person sees, hears, touches, or smells; collected by using the senses Subjective information aka symptoms Something a person cannot or did not observe but is based on something gay the resident reported and it may not be true The primary way a resident can call for help, where it should be placed, and how NAs should respond Call light Should always be placed within reach of the resident NAs should always respond immediately when they see the light or here the sound Call light: it is important for the NA to check each time before leaving a room to make sure... The call light is within reach of the resident's stronger/unaffected hand and that the resident knows how to use it when a resident is combative Remain calm and lower the time of your voice 5- transmission of most infectious diseases can be blocked by... Using proper infection prevention practices such as hand washing Hand washing is the most important way to stop the spread of infection All care givers should wash their hands often The elderly may have minister mobility which is a risk factor for... Serious problems such as pressure injuries, skin infections and pneumonia When should standard precautions be used and why With every resident Because it promotes safety The single most common way for healthcare-associated infections to be spread and how to prevent this from occurring Via the hands of healthcare workers Hand washing is the most important way to prevent the spread of disease 7- assess the situation (in an emergency) The responder should try to determine what has happened and make sure she is not in danger Assess the victim (in an emergency) The responder should ask the injured or ill person what has happened Responding to fainting if the person is in a lying position... If the person is flat on their back elevate their legs about 12 inches unless they have head back spinal or abdominal injuries Insulin reaction aka hypoglycemia (can result from) Either too much insulin or too little food The main goal during a seizure To make sure the resident is safe 8- to prevent problems resulting from a loss of independence an NA should encourage residents to Do as much as possible for themselves even if it seems easier for the NA to do a task for a resident the resident should be allowed to do it independently Sexual abuse (if an NA sees it happening) Remove the resident from the situation and take them to a safe place and then report to the nurse immediately Respecting spiritual needs Listen carefully to what residents say Respect their decisions to participate or refrain from food rituals Many religious beliefs include Dietary restrictions Role of family Whatever kinds of families residents have, they have an important role to play 9- homeostasis The name for the condition in which all of the body's systems are balanced and are working together to maintain internal stability Atrophy The muscles waste away decrease in size or become weak Contracture The muscle or tendons shorten becomes inflexible and freezes in position This causes permanent disability of the limb Musculoskeletal system sign to report (joint) White shiny red or warm areas over a joint The nervous system overall funtction Senses and interprets information from outside the human body (Also is the control and message center or the body, coordinates and controls all body functions) How the NA can help promote urinary system health Encourage fluids and offer frequent trips to the bathroom 11- baseline vitals Do when admitting a resident Initial values that can be compared to future measurements 13- pressure injuries can lead to Life threatening infections Preventing these is the key to skin health Sign of residents skin to report Pale white reddened gray or purple skin basic skin care guidelines -report any... -check skin... -reposition.. -report any changes your observe in a resident's skin -check skin daily even when complete baths are not given or taken everyday -reposition immobile resident's often (at least every two hours) Aspiration -what it can cause -how to prevent it for unconscious The inhalation of food fluid or foreign material into the lungs -can cause pneumonia or death -can be prevented by turning an unconscious resident on their side before giving oral care, only swabs soaked in tiny amounts of fluid should be used in the mouth 14- rectal temperature Most accurate Measuring on an uncooperative person such as someone with dimensions can be dangerous Least accurate temp axillary Stethoscope Instrument designed to listen to sounds within the body such as heart beat or air moving through the lungs Pain for different individuals Pain is a personal experience it is different for everyone NAs and IV lines -never insert, remove, care for site Their ONLY responsibility is to report and document any observations of changes or problems with the IV line 15- water The most essential nutrient for life it is needed by every cell in the human body Diet card includes Allergies likes and dislikes High residue high fiber diet helps with Problems such as constipation or bowel disorders Fluid balance Maintaining equal input and output or taking in and eliminating equal amounts of fluid Oz to mL 1oz=30mL 8oz=240mL NPO Nothing by mouth Resident is not allowed to have anything to eat or drink Fluid intake Offering fresh fluids often helps prevent dehydration and promotes health NAs should encourage but not force fluids 16- fracture pan A bedpan that is flatter than a normal bedpan. It is used for residents who cannot assist with raising their hips onto a regular bedpan Standard bedpan vs fracture pan (positioning) -standard: should be positioned with the wider end aligned with the buttocks -fracture: should be positioned with the handle toward the foot of the bed urinary incontinence The inability to control the bladder which leads to an involuntary loss of urine Can occur in residents who are confined to bed ill elderly paralyzed or who have circulatory or nervous system diseases or injury NAs and catheter care Do not insert irrigate or remove catheters (this is done by a doctor or nurse) May be asked to give daily care/cleaning Clean catch specimen a urine specimen that does not include the first and last urine that is voided; also called mid-stream 17- black and red stool Black: iron supplements Red: red food coloring beets and tomato juice Occult Hidden Occult blood may be a sign of colorectal cancer or other illness Stoma An artificial opening in the body Ex: the end of the intestine is brought out of the body through an opening in the abdomen 18- phantom limb pain Pain or sensation which has various possible causes including remaining damaged nerve endings is REAL It may help residents with COPD to sit ______ and lean forward slightly Upright Result of asthma Air is trapped in the lungs causing coughing and wheezing Diabetes and poor circulation and impaired wound healing may lead to Leg and foot ulcers, infected wounds, gangrene Gangrene can lead to amputation HIV is spread by Sexually transmitted, through the blood and from infected needles can also be passed to a fetus from its mother Early symptoms of AIDS Flu like symptoms including fever cough weakness and severe or constant fatigue Frontline of defense for cancer Surgery Key treatment for malignant tumors of the skin great bladder colon rectum stomach and muscle Chemotherapy side effects Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, oral sores, hair loss, fatigue, and decreased resistance to infection 19- cognition the ability to think clearly and logically cognitive impairment as a person ages the ability to think logically and clearly may be lost when this ability is lost clothes should be laid out in what order in the order in which they are going to be put on dealing with triggers try to remove triggers keep a routine avoid frustration redirecting the residents attention may help 20- how to help a resident cope with a mental illness support the resident and their family and friends coping with a mental illness can be frustrating your positive and professional attitude encourages the resident and the family mental illness report: _____ or _____ mood changes, especially _____ positive negative withdrawal mental illness report: behavior changes including.... changes in personality, extreme behavior, and behavior that is not appropriate to the situation mental illness report: comments and jokes about... hurting oneself or others NA and reporting substance abuse NA may be in position to observe signs of substance abuse these signs should be reported to the nurse