Questions and Verified Answers
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What is epilepsy? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔A chronic seizure disorder
characterized by different types of seizures and medications used to treat
them.
What are antiepileptic drugs (AEDs)? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Medications used to
treat seizures.
,What are the three main types of seizures based on where they start in the
brain? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Focal seizures, generalized seizures, and unknown
onset seizures.
What is a focal aware seizure? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔A focal seizure that results
in no loss of consciousness.
What is a focal seizure with impaired awareness? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔A focal
seizure that results in loss of consciousness.
What are motor symptoms in generalized seizures? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔Sustained rhythmical jerking movements (clonic), limp or weak muscles
(atonic), muscle twitching (myoclonus), and rigid or tense muscles (tonic).
What happens at 2 minutes during a seizure? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Most
seizures last less than two minutes and do not require medical intervention.
What is the initial treatment for seizures? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔A
benzodiazepine injection.
What is the first-line treatment for epilepsy? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Antiepileptic
drugs (AEDs) are the first-line treatment for epilepsy.
, Why should AEDs not be stopped abruptly? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Stopping
AEDs abruptly can lead to seizures.
Name some broad-spectrum AEDs. - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Lamotrigine,
levetiracetam, topiramate, and valproic acid.
Name some narrow-spectrum AEDs. - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Carbamazepine,
lacosamide, oxcarbazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, and fosphenytoin.
What are some common side effects of carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine,
and eslicarbazepine? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Hyponatremia, rash, and enzyme
induction.
What are the side effects associated with phenobarbital and primidone? - 🧠
ANSWER ✔✔Sedation, dependence/tolerance/overdose risk, and enzyme
induction.
What are the side effects of gabapentin and pregabalin? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔Weight gain, peripheral edema, and mild euphoria.
What are the side effects of topiramate and zonisamide? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔Weight loss, metabolic acidosis, nephrolithiasis, and
oligohidrosis/hyperthermia in children.
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