PNP401 / PNH400 Exam Practice
Questions with Guaranteed Pass
Solutions 2026 Updated.
hepatitis pathophysiology - Answer inflammation of the liver
->fibrosis (scarring), ->cirrhosis, ->hepatocellular carcinoma or liver cancer.
hepatitis etiology - 6 - Answer Toxins, certain drugs, some diseases, heavy alcohol use, and
bacterial and viral infections can all cause hepatitis.
hepatitis characteristics portal of entry - Answer A, E: Fecal/oral = self-limiting
B,D: sex, vertical (mother to child), IV. =chronic
C: blood = chronic
hepatitis manifestations - 9 - Answer Jaundice (d/t build up of bilirubin), pruritus (itching),
RUQ pain, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, constipation, anorexia,
general flu-like symptoms. low-grade fever
hepatitis types treatment - Answer A, E: Non/self-limiting; heals 6mths
B,D: Antiviral medications, liver transplant.
C: interferon, ribavirin.
List gall bladder disorders - 4 - Answer Cholelithiasis
Formation of gallstones
Choledocholithiasis
Obstruction of the biliary tract by gallstones
Cholangitis
Inflammation usually related to infection of bile ducts
, Cholecystitis
Inflammation of gallbladder and cystic duct
Cholelithiasis pathophysiology - Answer Formation of gall stone
Cholelithiasis etiology - 3 - Answer bile contains too much cholesterol, bilirubin (Pigment
gallstones), gallbladder doesn't empty correctly
Cholelithiasis manifestations - 5 - Answer pain below sternum
Back pain between your shoulder blades
Radiating pain right shoulder/neck
Nausea and vomiting
jaundice
Cholelithiasis treatment - 2 - Answer laparoscopic cholecystectomy,
oral bile acid dissolution drugs
jaundice pathophysiology - Answer Occurs d/t build-up of bilirubin, a by-product of heme
catabolism,
jaundice etiology - Answer A weak or damaged liver doesn't metabolize bilirubin / combine
bilirubin to bile from the gall bladder
jaundice manifestations - 6 - Answer Yellow tinge to the skin and the whites of the eyes.
Pruritis (itchiness)
Fatigue.
Abdominal pain - typically indicates a blockage of the bile duct.
Weight loss.
Vomiting.
Fever.
Paler than usual stools, dark urine
swelling of the liver and legs, ankles or feet
jaundice treatment - Answer Treat the underlying cause of liver dysfunction
Cirrhosis pathophysiology - Answer Cirrhosis is a late stage of scarring (fibrosis) of the liver
Questions with Guaranteed Pass
Solutions 2026 Updated.
hepatitis pathophysiology - Answer inflammation of the liver
->fibrosis (scarring), ->cirrhosis, ->hepatocellular carcinoma or liver cancer.
hepatitis etiology - 6 - Answer Toxins, certain drugs, some diseases, heavy alcohol use, and
bacterial and viral infections can all cause hepatitis.
hepatitis characteristics portal of entry - Answer A, E: Fecal/oral = self-limiting
B,D: sex, vertical (mother to child), IV. =chronic
C: blood = chronic
hepatitis manifestations - 9 - Answer Jaundice (d/t build up of bilirubin), pruritus (itching),
RUQ pain, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, constipation, anorexia,
general flu-like symptoms. low-grade fever
hepatitis types treatment - Answer A, E: Non/self-limiting; heals 6mths
B,D: Antiviral medications, liver transplant.
C: interferon, ribavirin.
List gall bladder disorders - 4 - Answer Cholelithiasis
Formation of gallstones
Choledocholithiasis
Obstruction of the biliary tract by gallstones
Cholangitis
Inflammation usually related to infection of bile ducts
, Cholecystitis
Inflammation of gallbladder and cystic duct
Cholelithiasis pathophysiology - Answer Formation of gall stone
Cholelithiasis etiology - 3 - Answer bile contains too much cholesterol, bilirubin (Pigment
gallstones), gallbladder doesn't empty correctly
Cholelithiasis manifestations - 5 - Answer pain below sternum
Back pain between your shoulder blades
Radiating pain right shoulder/neck
Nausea and vomiting
jaundice
Cholelithiasis treatment - 2 - Answer laparoscopic cholecystectomy,
oral bile acid dissolution drugs
jaundice pathophysiology - Answer Occurs d/t build-up of bilirubin, a by-product of heme
catabolism,
jaundice etiology - Answer A weak or damaged liver doesn't metabolize bilirubin / combine
bilirubin to bile from the gall bladder
jaundice manifestations - 6 - Answer Yellow tinge to the skin and the whites of the eyes.
Pruritis (itchiness)
Fatigue.
Abdominal pain - typically indicates a blockage of the bile duct.
Weight loss.
Vomiting.
Fever.
Paler than usual stools, dark urine
swelling of the liver and legs, ankles or feet
jaundice treatment - Answer Treat the underlying cause of liver dysfunction
Cirrhosis pathophysiology - Answer Cirrhosis is a late stage of scarring (fibrosis) of the liver
