NURS 370 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS
Obj. ||#1 ||Describe ||general ||principles ||of ||growth ||and ||development ||- ||CORRECT ||
ANSWER✔✔--interrelated ||and ||interdependent ||processes
-highly ||individualized
-has ||a ||pattern ||
-growth ||is ||related ||to ||increase ||in ||height ||and ||weight ||
-general ||principles ||of ||growth ||and ||development ||include: ||cephalocaudal, ||proximodistal, ||
differentiation
Cephalocaudal ||- ||CORRECT ||ANSWER✔✔-starts ||at ||the ||head ||and ||moves ||downward
Example: ||The ||child ||can ||control ||the ||head ||and ||neck ||before ||the ||arms ||and ||legs.
proximodistal ||- ||CORRECT ||ANSWER✔✔--starts ||in ||the ||center ||and ||proceeds ||to ||the ||
periphery
Example: ||Movement ||and ||control ||of ||the ||trunk ||section ||of ||the ||body ||occurs ||before ||
movement ||and ||control ||of ||the ||arms.
differentiation ||- ||CORRECT ||ANSWER✔✔--simple ||to ||complex ||progression ||of ||achievement ||of
||developmental ||milestones ||
Example: ||The ||child ||learns ||to ||crawl ||before ||learning ||to ||walk.
what ||does ||failure ||to ||thrive ||mean? ||- ||CORRECT ||ANSWER✔✔-failure ||to ||grow ||and ||develop ||
at ||an ||expected ||rate ||can ||mean ||that ||a ||child ||is ||failing ||to ||thrive. ||the ||diagnosis ||of ||failure ||
,to ||thrive ||is ||given ||to ||children ||who ||fall ||below ||the ||5th ||percentile ||ranges ||on ||height ||and ||
weight ||charts
what ||are ||the ||six ||developmental ||outcomes ||categories? ||- ||CORRECT ||
ANSWER✔✔--physical/physiological ||development
-motor ||development
-social/emotional ||development
-cognitive ||development
-communication ||development
-adaptive ||development
Physical/physiological ||development ||- ||CORRECT ||ANSWER✔✔-refers ||to ||the ||growth ||and ||
changes ||in ||body ||tissues ||and ||organ ||systems ||and ||the ||result ||of ||change ||in ||function ||and ||
proportion ||of ||the ||body
motor ||development ||- ||CORRECT ||ANSWER✔✔-two ||categories: ||gross ||and ||fine ||motor
-gross: ||involve ||the ||use ||of ||large ||muscles ||to ||move ||about ||the ||environment ||(walking, ||
running, ||walking ||up ||and ||down ||the ||stairs, ||etc.)
-fine: ||use ||of ||small ||muscles ||in ||an ||increasingly ||coordinated ||and ||precise ||manner ||(writing ||
letters, ||writing ||words, ||holding ||a ||pencil, ||etc.)
social/emotional ||development ||- ||CORRECT ||ANSWER✔✔--development ||of ||self ||
understanding, ||understanding ||others, ||and ||understanding ||social ||interactions
-knowledge ||of ||social/emotional ||skills ||is ||critical ||because ||it ||directs ||effective ||communication
Cognitive ||development ||- ||CORRECT ||ANSWER✔✔--working ||memory ||capacity, ||cognitive ||self ||
regulation, ||and ||the ||processing ||and ||use ||of ||information ||about ||the ||environment ||and ||
objects ||in ||the ||environment ||
,-these ||processes ||underlie ||the ||development ||of ||critical ||thinking ||skills ||and ||execute ||
functioning ||which ||includes ||learning, ||forming ||concepts, ||understanding, ||problem ||solving, ||
reasoning, ||remembering, ||and ||thinking ||abstractly
communication ||development ||- ||CORRECT ||ANSWER✔✔--simple ||speech ||begins ||with ||
utterances ||of ||consonants ||which ||then ||increases ||to ||include ||vowels ||then ||single ||words ||are ||
formed ||and ||then ||two ||and ||three ||word ||combinations ||arise, ||leading ||to ||the ||development ||
of ||meaningful ||phrases ||and ||sentences ||
-language ||explosion ||is ||a ||demonstration ||of ||frontal ||lobe ||development ||and ||typically ||occurs ||
in ||children ||18 ||mo- ||3 ||years ||of ||age
adaptive ||development ||- ||CORRECT ||ANSWER✔✔--refers ||to ||skills ||that ||enable ||independence ||
at ||home ||and ||in ||the ||community
-adaptive ||skills ||are ||learned ||and ||include ||self ||care ||activities ||such ||as ||dressing/undressing, ||
eating ||and ||feeding, ||tolieting, ||grooming, ||etc.
Categories ||of ||development ||- ||CORRECT ||ANSWER✔✔-physical/physiologic, ||motoric,
||social/emotional, ||cognitive, ||communication, ||adaptive
Obj. ||#2 ||Define ||cognitive ||growth ||and ||development ||according ||to ||Jean ||Piaget: ||identified ||
the ||following ||characteristics ||of ||cognitive ||development ||- ||CORRECT ||ANSWER✔✔--
development ||is ||a ||sequential ||and ||orderly ||process, ||moving ||from ||stages ||that ||are ||simple ||to
||complex
-cognitive ||acts ||occur ||as ||the ||child ||adapts ||to ||the ||surrounding ||environment
-the ||child's ||experience ||with ||the ||environment ||naturally ||encourages ||growth ||and ||
maturaiton
-child ||must ||accommodate ||new ||or ||complex ||problems ||by ||drawing ||on ||past ||experiences
-there ||can ||be ||overlap ||between ||the ||Childs ||age ||and ||stage ||of ||development
developmental ||milestones: ||fine ||motor ||- ||CORRECT ||ANSWER✔✔--Birth ||to ||1 ||month: ||open ||
fingers ||slightly ||at ||rest
, -2 ||to ||3 ||months: ||grasps ||toys, ||open ||and ||closes ||hands, ||eyes ||follow ||object ||to ||midline, ||
blows ||bubbles
-6 ||to ||8 ||months: ||bangs ||objects ||on ||table ||and ||can ||transfer ||object ||from ||hand ||to ||hand
-1 ||year: ||Can ||hold ||crayon ||and ||may ||mark ||on ||paper, ||begins ||to ||use ||objects ||correctly ||
-2 ||to ||3 ||years: ||learning ||to ||dress ||self ||and ||can ||draw ||simple ||shapes
-4 ||to ||5 ||years: ||dresses ||independently ||and ||uses ||scissors
developmental ||milestones: ||gross ||motor ||- ||CORRECT ||ANSWER✔✔--birth ||to ||1 ||month: ||arms ||
and ||legs ||move ||together ||and ||holds ||chin ||up ||when ||lying ||on ||stomach
-2 ||to ||3 ||month: ||raises ||head ||and ||chest ||when ||lying ||on ||stomach, ||supports ||upper ||body ||
with ||arms ||when ||lying ||on ||stomach
-6 ||to ||8 ||months: ||can ||roll ||from ||side ||to ||side, ||can ||sit ||unsupported ||by ||7 ||or ||8 ||months, ||
supports ||whole ||weight ||on ||legs
-1 ||year: ||pulls ||self ||up ||to ||stand, ||walks ||holding ||on ||to ||furniture, ||may ||walk ||two ||steps ||
independently
-2 ||to ||3 ||years: ||jumps, ||kicks ||balls, ||learning ||to ||pedal ||tricycle
-4 ||to ||5 ||years: ||goes ||up ||and ||down ||stairs ||independently, ||throws ||a ||ball ||overhand, ||hops ||on
||one ||foot
Piaget's ||Key ||Stages ||- ||CORRECT ||ANSWER✔✔-Sensorimotor ||- ||Birth ||to ||2 ||YearsPreoperational
||- ||2 ||to ||7 ||YearsConcrete ||Operational ||- ||7 ||to ||11 ||YearsFormal ||Operational ||- ||11 ||Years ||to ||
Adulthood
Piaget-what ||is ||stage ||one ||of ||sensorimotor? ||- ||CORRECT ||ANSWER✔✔-Reflexes: ||The ||child ||
learns ||through ||motor ||and ||reflex ||actions ||and ||begins ||to ||understand ||that ||he ||or ||she ||is ||
separate ||from ||the ||environment ||and ||from ||others. ||Learning ||through ||sucking
Piaget ||- ||what ||is ||the ||second ||stage ||of ||sensorimotor? ||- ||CORRECT ||ANSWER✔✔-1-4 ||months
Primary ||circular ||reactions: ||finding ||of ||thumb, ||found ||it ||helped ||sooth ||themselves, ||so ||
continues ||this ||actions
CORRECT ANSWERS
Obj. ||#1 ||Describe ||general ||principles ||of ||growth ||and ||development ||- ||CORRECT ||
ANSWER✔✔--interrelated ||and ||interdependent ||processes
-highly ||individualized
-has ||a ||pattern ||
-growth ||is ||related ||to ||increase ||in ||height ||and ||weight ||
-general ||principles ||of ||growth ||and ||development ||include: ||cephalocaudal, ||proximodistal, ||
differentiation
Cephalocaudal ||- ||CORRECT ||ANSWER✔✔-starts ||at ||the ||head ||and ||moves ||downward
Example: ||The ||child ||can ||control ||the ||head ||and ||neck ||before ||the ||arms ||and ||legs.
proximodistal ||- ||CORRECT ||ANSWER✔✔--starts ||in ||the ||center ||and ||proceeds ||to ||the ||
periphery
Example: ||Movement ||and ||control ||of ||the ||trunk ||section ||of ||the ||body ||occurs ||before ||
movement ||and ||control ||of ||the ||arms.
differentiation ||- ||CORRECT ||ANSWER✔✔--simple ||to ||complex ||progression ||of ||achievement ||of
||developmental ||milestones ||
Example: ||The ||child ||learns ||to ||crawl ||before ||learning ||to ||walk.
what ||does ||failure ||to ||thrive ||mean? ||- ||CORRECT ||ANSWER✔✔-failure ||to ||grow ||and ||develop ||
at ||an ||expected ||rate ||can ||mean ||that ||a ||child ||is ||failing ||to ||thrive. ||the ||diagnosis ||of ||failure ||
,to ||thrive ||is ||given ||to ||children ||who ||fall ||below ||the ||5th ||percentile ||ranges ||on ||height ||and ||
weight ||charts
what ||are ||the ||six ||developmental ||outcomes ||categories? ||- ||CORRECT ||
ANSWER✔✔--physical/physiological ||development
-motor ||development
-social/emotional ||development
-cognitive ||development
-communication ||development
-adaptive ||development
Physical/physiological ||development ||- ||CORRECT ||ANSWER✔✔-refers ||to ||the ||growth ||and ||
changes ||in ||body ||tissues ||and ||organ ||systems ||and ||the ||result ||of ||change ||in ||function ||and ||
proportion ||of ||the ||body
motor ||development ||- ||CORRECT ||ANSWER✔✔-two ||categories: ||gross ||and ||fine ||motor
-gross: ||involve ||the ||use ||of ||large ||muscles ||to ||move ||about ||the ||environment ||(walking, ||
running, ||walking ||up ||and ||down ||the ||stairs, ||etc.)
-fine: ||use ||of ||small ||muscles ||in ||an ||increasingly ||coordinated ||and ||precise ||manner ||(writing ||
letters, ||writing ||words, ||holding ||a ||pencil, ||etc.)
social/emotional ||development ||- ||CORRECT ||ANSWER✔✔--development ||of ||self ||
understanding, ||understanding ||others, ||and ||understanding ||social ||interactions
-knowledge ||of ||social/emotional ||skills ||is ||critical ||because ||it ||directs ||effective ||communication
Cognitive ||development ||- ||CORRECT ||ANSWER✔✔--working ||memory ||capacity, ||cognitive ||self ||
regulation, ||and ||the ||processing ||and ||use ||of ||information ||about ||the ||environment ||and ||
objects ||in ||the ||environment ||
,-these ||processes ||underlie ||the ||development ||of ||critical ||thinking ||skills ||and ||execute ||
functioning ||which ||includes ||learning, ||forming ||concepts, ||understanding, ||problem ||solving, ||
reasoning, ||remembering, ||and ||thinking ||abstractly
communication ||development ||- ||CORRECT ||ANSWER✔✔--simple ||speech ||begins ||with ||
utterances ||of ||consonants ||which ||then ||increases ||to ||include ||vowels ||then ||single ||words ||are ||
formed ||and ||then ||two ||and ||three ||word ||combinations ||arise, ||leading ||to ||the ||development ||
of ||meaningful ||phrases ||and ||sentences ||
-language ||explosion ||is ||a ||demonstration ||of ||frontal ||lobe ||development ||and ||typically ||occurs ||
in ||children ||18 ||mo- ||3 ||years ||of ||age
adaptive ||development ||- ||CORRECT ||ANSWER✔✔--refers ||to ||skills ||that ||enable ||independence ||
at ||home ||and ||in ||the ||community
-adaptive ||skills ||are ||learned ||and ||include ||self ||care ||activities ||such ||as ||dressing/undressing, ||
eating ||and ||feeding, ||tolieting, ||grooming, ||etc.
Categories ||of ||development ||- ||CORRECT ||ANSWER✔✔-physical/physiologic, ||motoric,
||social/emotional, ||cognitive, ||communication, ||adaptive
Obj. ||#2 ||Define ||cognitive ||growth ||and ||development ||according ||to ||Jean ||Piaget: ||identified ||
the ||following ||characteristics ||of ||cognitive ||development ||- ||CORRECT ||ANSWER✔✔--
development ||is ||a ||sequential ||and ||orderly ||process, ||moving ||from ||stages ||that ||are ||simple ||to
||complex
-cognitive ||acts ||occur ||as ||the ||child ||adapts ||to ||the ||surrounding ||environment
-the ||child's ||experience ||with ||the ||environment ||naturally ||encourages ||growth ||and ||
maturaiton
-child ||must ||accommodate ||new ||or ||complex ||problems ||by ||drawing ||on ||past ||experiences
-there ||can ||be ||overlap ||between ||the ||Childs ||age ||and ||stage ||of ||development
developmental ||milestones: ||fine ||motor ||- ||CORRECT ||ANSWER✔✔--Birth ||to ||1 ||month: ||open ||
fingers ||slightly ||at ||rest
, -2 ||to ||3 ||months: ||grasps ||toys, ||open ||and ||closes ||hands, ||eyes ||follow ||object ||to ||midline, ||
blows ||bubbles
-6 ||to ||8 ||months: ||bangs ||objects ||on ||table ||and ||can ||transfer ||object ||from ||hand ||to ||hand
-1 ||year: ||Can ||hold ||crayon ||and ||may ||mark ||on ||paper, ||begins ||to ||use ||objects ||correctly ||
-2 ||to ||3 ||years: ||learning ||to ||dress ||self ||and ||can ||draw ||simple ||shapes
-4 ||to ||5 ||years: ||dresses ||independently ||and ||uses ||scissors
developmental ||milestones: ||gross ||motor ||- ||CORRECT ||ANSWER✔✔--birth ||to ||1 ||month: ||arms ||
and ||legs ||move ||together ||and ||holds ||chin ||up ||when ||lying ||on ||stomach
-2 ||to ||3 ||month: ||raises ||head ||and ||chest ||when ||lying ||on ||stomach, ||supports ||upper ||body ||
with ||arms ||when ||lying ||on ||stomach
-6 ||to ||8 ||months: ||can ||roll ||from ||side ||to ||side, ||can ||sit ||unsupported ||by ||7 ||or ||8 ||months, ||
supports ||whole ||weight ||on ||legs
-1 ||year: ||pulls ||self ||up ||to ||stand, ||walks ||holding ||on ||to ||furniture, ||may ||walk ||two ||steps ||
independently
-2 ||to ||3 ||years: ||jumps, ||kicks ||balls, ||learning ||to ||pedal ||tricycle
-4 ||to ||5 ||years: ||goes ||up ||and ||down ||stairs ||independently, ||throws ||a ||ball ||overhand, ||hops ||on
||one ||foot
Piaget's ||Key ||Stages ||- ||CORRECT ||ANSWER✔✔-Sensorimotor ||- ||Birth ||to ||2 ||YearsPreoperational
||- ||2 ||to ||7 ||YearsConcrete ||Operational ||- ||7 ||to ||11 ||YearsFormal ||Operational ||- ||11 ||Years ||to ||
Adulthood
Piaget-what ||is ||stage ||one ||of ||sensorimotor? ||- ||CORRECT ||ANSWER✔✔-Reflexes: ||The ||child ||
learns ||through ||motor ||and ||reflex ||actions ||and ||begins ||to ||understand ||that ||he ||or ||she ||is ||
separate ||from ||the ||environment ||and ||from ||others. ||Learning ||through ||sucking
Piaget ||- ||what ||is ||the ||second ||stage ||of ||sensorimotor? ||- ||CORRECT ||ANSWER✔✔-1-4 ||months
Primary ||circular ||reactions: ||finding ||of ||thumb, ||found ||it ||helped ||sooth ||themselves, ||so ||
continues ||this ||actions
