HLTH 501 BIOSTATISTICS FINAL EXAM 2026
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
◉ Bias. Answer: systematic discrepancy between estimates and the
true population characteristic
◉ Random sample. Answer: each member of a population has an
equal and independent chance of being selected
◉ categorical data. Answer: named characteristics of individuals
that do not have magnitude on a numerical scale
◉ numerical. Answer: quantitative measurements that have
magnitude on a numerical scale
◉ nominal categorical. Answer: no order
◉ ordinal categorical. Answer: have order
◉ Percentile. Answer: specifies the percentage of observations less
than or equal to it; the remaining observations exceed it
, ◉ contingency table. Answer: gives the frequency of occurrence of
all combinations of two or more categorical variables
◉ sample mean. Answer: average of the measurements in the
sample, the sum of all the observations divided by number of
observations
◉ standard deviation. Answer: commonly used measure of the
spread of a distribution; measures how far from the mean the
observations typically are
◉ standard deviation. Answer: measures how far from the mean the
observations typically are
◉ variance. Answer: measure of spread; standard deviation is the
square root of the variance
◉ IQR. Answer: 3rd quartile- 1st quartile
◉ A box plot is especially useful when comparing. Answer: more
than one distribution
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
◉ Bias. Answer: systematic discrepancy between estimates and the
true population characteristic
◉ Random sample. Answer: each member of a population has an
equal and independent chance of being selected
◉ categorical data. Answer: named characteristics of individuals
that do not have magnitude on a numerical scale
◉ numerical. Answer: quantitative measurements that have
magnitude on a numerical scale
◉ nominal categorical. Answer: no order
◉ ordinal categorical. Answer: have order
◉ Percentile. Answer: specifies the percentage of observations less
than or equal to it; the remaining observations exceed it
, ◉ contingency table. Answer: gives the frequency of occurrence of
all combinations of two or more categorical variables
◉ sample mean. Answer: average of the measurements in the
sample, the sum of all the observations divided by number of
observations
◉ standard deviation. Answer: commonly used measure of the
spread of a distribution; measures how far from the mean the
observations typically are
◉ standard deviation. Answer: measures how far from the mean the
observations typically are
◉ variance. Answer: measure of spread; standard deviation is the
square root of the variance
◉ IQR. Answer: 3rd quartile- 1st quartile
◉ A box plot is especially useful when comparing. Answer: more
than one distribution
