PNR 105 EXAM 2 (CH 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11) | QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATE | ALREADY PASSED!!
Diuretics Answer - Classified into four groups: Thiazides, Thiazide-like
sulfonamides, loop diuretics, potassium sparing diuretics
Thiazide and Thiazide-like diuretics Answer - Most commonly used type of
diuretic and often are first line in the management of High blood Pressure.
Thiazide (HCTZ), Thiazide like (Indapamide, metolazone). Potassium wasting
Loop diuretics Answer - Potassium wasting. Most powerful of the diuretics.
(Bumetanide, furosemide [Lasix])
Potassium sparing Answer - Increases the excretion of water and sodium,
leading to increased urine output without loss of potassium. (Amiloride,
Spironolactone [Aldactone], Triamterene)
Thiazide side effects Answer - Urinary frequency, dry mouth, increased thirst,
CAN CAUSE INCREASE IN URIC ACID, which can cause flare ups of gout
Phenazopyridine Answer - Bladder anesthetic. Controls symptoms of urinary
irritation including BURNING, PAIN, and urinary frequency that often results
from acute UTI. CANNOT cure UTI
Phenazopyridine side effects Answer - Turns urine orange-red color that can
stain toilet and clothing
, HDL Answer - "Good cholesterol". Protective. Removes cholesterol from the
blood and transports it to the liver.
LDL Answer - "Bad cholesterol". Harmful. Major contributors to the onset and
progression of heart disease.
Antihyperlipidemic drugs (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors) Answer - Also called
STATINS! Lowers blood LDL levels by slowing cholesterol production by the liver.
STATINS ARE MOST EFFECTIVE FOR LOWERING LDL LEVELS AND RAISING HDL
LEVELS. They do NOT remove cholesterol from the blood. (Atorvastatin,
Pravastatin). Review liver function tests before administering.
CONTRAINDICATED IN PREGNANT WOMEN
Rhabdomyolysis Answer - Muscle breakdown. May occur with higher doses of
statins. Can be life threatening. S&S: muscle soreness, TEA colored urine.
Selective cholesterol absorption inhibitors Answer - Stays in the intestinal wall
and acts on the epithelial cells to limit the absorption of cholesterol from food
and from other sources in the body
Fibric Acid Derivatives (Fibrates) Answer - Gemfibrozil and fenofibrate are the
preferred drugs. Highly effective at lowering triglyceride levels and increasing
HDL levels, has little effect on lowering LDL. Should be given 30 min before
morning and evening meals. NOT RECOMMENDED FOR PEOPLE WITH HISTORY
OF GALLBLADDER DISEASE
Bile Acid Sequestrants Answer - Increases excretion of cholesterol and reduces
LDL levels. Reduces absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A,D,E,K). Watch
especially for bleeding problems that may result from Vitamin K deficiency.
(Cholestyramine)
AND ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATE | ALREADY PASSED!!
Diuretics Answer - Classified into four groups: Thiazides, Thiazide-like
sulfonamides, loop diuretics, potassium sparing diuretics
Thiazide and Thiazide-like diuretics Answer - Most commonly used type of
diuretic and often are first line in the management of High blood Pressure.
Thiazide (HCTZ), Thiazide like (Indapamide, metolazone). Potassium wasting
Loop diuretics Answer - Potassium wasting. Most powerful of the diuretics.
(Bumetanide, furosemide [Lasix])
Potassium sparing Answer - Increases the excretion of water and sodium,
leading to increased urine output without loss of potassium. (Amiloride,
Spironolactone [Aldactone], Triamterene)
Thiazide side effects Answer - Urinary frequency, dry mouth, increased thirst,
CAN CAUSE INCREASE IN URIC ACID, which can cause flare ups of gout
Phenazopyridine Answer - Bladder anesthetic. Controls symptoms of urinary
irritation including BURNING, PAIN, and urinary frequency that often results
from acute UTI. CANNOT cure UTI
Phenazopyridine side effects Answer - Turns urine orange-red color that can
stain toilet and clothing
, HDL Answer - "Good cholesterol". Protective. Removes cholesterol from the
blood and transports it to the liver.
LDL Answer - "Bad cholesterol". Harmful. Major contributors to the onset and
progression of heart disease.
Antihyperlipidemic drugs (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors) Answer - Also called
STATINS! Lowers blood LDL levels by slowing cholesterol production by the liver.
STATINS ARE MOST EFFECTIVE FOR LOWERING LDL LEVELS AND RAISING HDL
LEVELS. They do NOT remove cholesterol from the blood. (Atorvastatin,
Pravastatin). Review liver function tests before administering.
CONTRAINDICATED IN PREGNANT WOMEN
Rhabdomyolysis Answer - Muscle breakdown. May occur with higher doses of
statins. Can be life threatening. S&S: muscle soreness, TEA colored urine.
Selective cholesterol absorption inhibitors Answer - Stays in the intestinal wall
and acts on the epithelial cells to limit the absorption of cholesterol from food
and from other sources in the body
Fibric Acid Derivatives (Fibrates) Answer - Gemfibrozil and fenofibrate are the
preferred drugs. Highly effective at lowering triglyceride levels and increasing
HDL levels, has little effect on lowering LDL. Should be given 30 min before
morning and evening meals. NOT RECOMMENDED FOR PEOPLE WITH HISTORY
OF GALLBLADDER DISEASE
Bile Acid Sequestrants Answer - Increases excretion of cholesterol and reduces
LDL levels. Reduces absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A,D,E,K). Watch
especially for bleeding problems that may result from Vitamin K deficiency.
(Cholestyramine)
