NRSG 301 - Midterm Urinary Systems: Questions And
Answers
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What are the main indications for inserting a -Urinary retention - inability to void due to:
catheter? 1) Surgery - bladder decompression during or following
perioperative period
2) Urethral trauma
3) Obstruction
4) Urinary retention - chronic or acute
-incontinence
1) Management of incontinent factors
Appropriate indications for indwelling -Patient has acute urinary retention or bladder outlet
urethral catheter use? obstruction
-Need for accurate measurements of urinary output in
critically ill patients
-Perioperative use for selected surgical procedures
1) Patients undergoing urologic surgery or other surgery on
contiguous structures of the genitourinary tract
2) Anticipated prolonged duration of surgery (catheters
inserted for this reasons should be removed in PACU)
3) Patients anticipated to receive large volume infusions or
diuretics during surgery
4) Need for intraoperative monitoring of urinary output
-To assist in healing of open sacral or perineal wounds in
incontinent patients
-Patient requires prolonged immobilization (e.g. potentially
unstable thoracic or lumbar spine, multiple traumatic injuries
such as pelvic fractures)
-To improve comfort for end of life care if needed
Inappropriate uses of indwelling catheters? -As a substitute for nursing care of the patient or resident with
incontinence
-As a means of obtaining urine for culture or other diagnostic
tests when the patient can voluntarily void
-For prolonged postoperative duration without appropriate
indication (e.g. structural repair or urethra or contiguous
structures, prolonged effect of epidural anaesthesia, etc.)
, Urinary retention - Key signs? Other signs? -Key signs:
1) Bladder distention
2) Absence of urine output over several hours
-Other signs:
1) Severe pain (or feeling of pressure in a patient who has had
an epidural or spinal anaesthetic) in the pelvic area
2) Restlessness
3) Diaphoresis
4) Overflow (voiding small amounts, 25 - 60 mL several times
an hour)
What methods can be used to assess -Palpation
bladder size/distention? 1) Palpate just above the symphysis pubis (middle of pelvis) for
rounded bladder
2) Can often feel distention and is exacerbated with pressure
to the area
3) Sometimes they cannot feel any difference because of
neuro causes (e.g. spinal/epidural)
-Percussion
-Bladder scanner (ultrasound)
Obstructive causes in men vs women? -Men:
Other obstructive causes for both? 1) Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
2) Prostate cancer
3) Phimosis
4) Paraphimosis
-Women:
1) Pelvic organ prolapse
2) Cancer
-Other:
1) urethral strictures
2) Stones
3) Foreign bodies
Other urinary retention contributing -Infectious and inflammatory causes
factors? 1) Prostatitis in men
2) Vulvovaginitis in women
3) Urethritis due to UTI or sexually transmitted infections
-Neurologic causes
1) Stroke
2) Neuropathy due to diabetes
3) Multiple sclerosis
4) Spinal trauma
5) Spinal cord compression (e.g. due to cancer)
6) Epidural or spinal anesthesia
-Postoperative complications
1) Pain traumatic instrumentation of the bladder
2) Bladder over distention during surgery
3) Medications
-Pregnancy induced urinary retention
-Trauma to urethra, genitalia, or bladder
-Anxiety or psychological factors (e.g. concerns about lack of
privacy)
-Other medications
Medications that cause urinary retention? •Anticholinergics (eg. Atropine)
•Antipsychotics (eg. Haloperidol)
•Antihistamines (eg. Diphenhydramine)
•Muscle relaxants (eg. Diazepam)
•Morphine and all opioids (eg. fentanyl, hydromorphone)
•Anesthetic agents
Answers
Save
Students also studied
WSC 2026: Are we there yet? Social Science Nationalism Vocab T... WSC 2026 Next Year
Teacher 156 terms 21 terms Teacher 50 terms
Amy_Woodall4 Preview Keiya_Raja Preview Sandywu1205
Terms in this set (36)
What are the main indications for inserting a -Urinary retention - inability to void due to:
catheter? 1) Surgery - bladder decompression during or following
perioperative period
2) Urethral trauma
3) Obstruction
4) Urinary retention - chronic or acute
-incontinence
1) Management of incontinent factors
Appropriate indications for indwelling -Patient has acute urinary retention or bladder outlet
urethral catheter use? obstruction
-Need for accurate measurements of urinary output in
critically ill patients
-Perioperative use for selected surgical procedures
1) Patients undergoing urologic surgery or other surgery on
contiguous structures of the genitourinary tract
2) Anticipated prolonged duration of surgery (catheters
inserted for this reasons should be removed in PACU)
3) Patients anticipated to receive large volume infusions or
diuretics during surgery
4) Need for intraoperative monitoring of urinary output
-To assist in healing of open sacral or perineal wounds in
incontinent patients
-Patient requires prolonged immobilization (e.g. potentially
unstable thoracic or lumbar spine, multiple traumatic injuries
such as pelvic fractures)
-To improve comfort for end of life care if needed
Inappropriate uses of indwelling catheters? -As a substitute for nursing care of the patient or resident with
incontinence
-As a means of obtaining urine for culture or other diagnostic
tests when the patient can voluntarily void
-For prolonged postoperative duration without appropriate
indication (e.g. structural repair or urethra or contiguous
structures, prolonged effect of epidural anaesthesia, etc.)
, Urinary retention - Key signs? Other signs? -Key signs:
1) Bladder distention
2) Absence of urine output over several hours
-Other signs:
1) Severe pain (or feeling of pressure in a patient who has had
an epidural or spinal anaesthetic) in the pelvic area
2) Restlessness
3) Diaphoresis
4) Overflow (voiding small amounts, 25 - 60 mL several times
an hour)
What methods can be used to assess -Palpation
bladder size/distention? 1) Palpate just above the symphysis pubis (middle of pelvis) for
rounded bladder
2) Can often feel distention and is exacerbated with pressure
to the area
3) Sometimes they cannot feel any difference because of
neuro causes (e.g. spinal/epidural)
-Percussion
-Bladder scanner (ultrasound)
Obstructive causes in men vs women? -Men:
Other obstructive causes for both? 1) Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
2) Prostate cancer
3) Phimosis
4) Paraphimosis
-Women:
1) Pelvic organ prolapse
2) Cancer
-Other:
1) urethral strictures
2) Stones
3) Foreign bodies
Other urinary retention contributing -Infectious and inflammatory causes
factors? 1) Prostatitis in men
2) Vulvovaginitis in women
3) Urethritis due to UTI or sexually transmitted infections
-Neurologic causes
1) Stroke
2) Neuropathy due to diabetes
3) Multiple sclerosis
4) Spinal trauma
5) Spinal cord compression (e.g. due to cancer)
6) Epidural or spinal anesthesia
-Postoperative complications
1) Pain traumatic instrumentation of the bladder
2) Bladder over distention during surgery
3) Medications
-Pregnancy induced urinary retention
-Trauma to urethra, genitalia, or bladder
-Anxiety or psychological factors (e.g. concerns about lack of
privacy)
-Other medications
Medications that cause urinary retention? •Anticholinergics (eg. Atropine)
•Antipsychotics (eg. Haloperidol)
•Antihistamines (eg. Diphenhydramine)
•Muscle relaxants (eg. Diazepam)
•Morphine and all opioids (eg. fentanyl, hydromorphone)
•Anesthetic agents
