NUR210 PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOLOGY EXAM 4 | VERIFIED
AND WELL DETAILED ANSWERS | ALREADY GRADED A+ | LATEST
EXAM UPDATE
What are three lab tests we run for chest pain? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Creatine Kinase, Troponin, Myoglobin
What are the details about Creatine Kinase? - CORRECT ANSWER - It's
specific to myocardial cells, because if myocardial cells are damaged, CK is
released. This number peaks in 15-20 hours after incident.
What about Troponin? - CORRECT ANSWER - Levels rise more quickly, and
is more specific to heart damage than CK. Peaks in same amount of time.
What about Myoglobin test? - CORRECT ANSWER - Rises very quickly after
MI, and is cleared in one day. IT can only be measured within 12 of hours of MI
Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers - CORRECT ANSWER - When the value
is elevated, then the heart is being overworked. The uretic is given so kidneys
will pee out fluid and relieve stress on the heart.
Difference between HDL, LDL, and triglycerides? - CORRECT ANSWER -
HDL is considered the good, LDL the bad, and Tri is the ugly. HDL should be
higher to protect the body
Define these four ECG's
Telemetry, 12 lead, holter, and stress - CORRECT ANSWER - Telemetry
keeps a track of the electrical activity of the heart
,12 lead is twelve different electrodes across the body to get all the best angles of
the heart function
Holter is remote tracing that people wear for a few days to look for correlation
between activity and heart rate
Tress test is where you put a 12 lead on someone and have them walk.
What is an ECHO and how do you read it? Transesophageal? - CORRECT
ANSWER - You read it upside down and backwards (LV is upper right). This
helps us see how the left ventricle is working because it has the most amount of
push and work in the heart.
We sedate patients and put a tube down the esophagus to help get a clearer
picture
What is an angiogram and where do you do it from? - CORRECT ANSWER -
This is the most evasive way to view the heart. You do it femorally or radially,
and it helps us check for blockages and/or heart disease. We inject die into
vascular part of the heart.
Numbers for prehypertension and stage 1 hypertension - CORRECT
ANSWER - Pre: 120-139 or 80-89
Stage 1: greater than 139 or 89
Difference between systole and diastole - CORRECT ANSWER - Systole is
the heart squeezing and pumping from the artery
Diastole is when the heart is at rest and filling up
Numbers for stage 2 hypertension - CORRECT ANSWER - Over 160 and 100
Why was primary hypertension once called essential hypertension? -
CORRECT ANSWER - Because it was providing the adequate amount of
perfusion
, What are contributing factors to primary hypertension? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Age
Hyperactive SNS
Hyperactive renin-angiotensin system (kidneys are working overtime and
sodium is being reabsorbed)
Endothelial dysfunction (inner lining artery damage, making it more difficult to
expand and contract)
What is secondary hypertension? - CORRECT ANSWER - Hypertension with
an identifiable cause
Secondary Hypertension causes? - CORRECT ANSWER - Renal disease,
coronary artery disease, pregnancy, drug therapy, sleep apnea
Long term effects of hypertension - CORRECT ANSWER - MI, heart failure,
kidney disease, stroke, PAD, retinopathy
What is cardiac output and the normal cardiac output? - CORRECT ANSWER
- The amount of blood pumped OUT of the heart every minute. This number is
4 L a minute on average.
What is ejection fraction and how do you find it and what is the normal? -
CORRECT ANSWER - The amount (%) of blood getting pumped each time a
heart beats. You can find this number from an ECHO. The normal percentage is
50-80%.
What is cardiac index? - CORRECT ANSWER - Same as cardiac output,
except the size of the body is included.
AND WELL DETAILED ANSWERS | ALREADY GRADED A+ | LATEST
EXAM UPDATE
What are three lab tests we run for chest pain? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Creatine Kinase, Troponin, Myoglobin
What are the details about Creatine Kinase? - CORRECT ANSWER - It's
specific to myocardial cells, because if myocardial cells are damaged, CK is
released. This number peaks in 15-20 hours after incident.
What about Troponin? - CORRECT ANSWER - Levels rise more quickly, and
is more specific to heart damage than CK. Peaks in same amount of time.
What about Myoglobin test? - CORRECT ANSWER - Rises very quickly after
MI, and is cleared in one day. IT can only be measured within 12 of hours of MI
Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers - CORRECT ANSWER - When the value
is elevated, then the heart is being overworked. The uretic is given so kidneys
will pee out fluid and relieve stress on the heart.
Difference between HDL, LDL, and triglycerides? - CORRECT ANSWER -
HDL is considered the good, LDL the bad, and Tri is the ugly. HDL should be
higher to protect the body
Define these four ECG's
Telemetry, 12 lead, holter, and stress - CORRECT ANSWER - Telemetry
keeps a track of the electrical activity of the heart
,12 lead is twelve different electrodes across the body to get all the best angles of
the heart function
Holter is remote tracing that people wear for a few days to look for correlation
between activity and heart rate
Tress test is where you put a 12 lead on someone and have them walk.
What is an ECHO and how do you read it? Transesophageal? - CORRECT
ANSWER - You read it upside down and backwards (LV is upper right). This
helps us see how the left ventricle is working because it has the most amount of
push and work in the heart.
We sedate patients and put a tube down the esophagus to help get a clearer
picture
What is an angiogram and where do you do it from? - CORRECT ANSWER -
This is the most evasive way to view the heart. You do it femorally or radially,
and it helps us check for blockages and/or heart disease. We inject die into
vascular part of the heart.
Numbers for prehypertension and stage 1 hypertension - CORRECT
ANSWER - Pre: 120-139 or 80-89
Stage 1: greater than 139 or 89
Difference between systole and diastole - CORRECT ANSWER - Systole is
the heart squeezing and pumping from the artery
Diastole is when the heart is at rest and filling up
Numbers for stage 2 hypertension - CORRECT ANSWER - Over 160 and 100
Why was primary hypertension once called essential hypertension? -
CORRECT ANSWER - Because it was providing the adequate amount of
perfusion
, What are contributing factors to primary hypertension? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Age
Hyperactive SNS
Hyperactive renin-angiotensin system (kidneys are working overtime and
sodium is being reabsorbed)
Endothelial dysfunction (inner lining artery damage, making it more difficult to
expand and contract)
What is secondary hypertension? - CORRECT ANSWER - Hypertension with
an identifiable cause
Secondary Hypertension causes? - CORRECT ANSWER - Renal disease,
coronary artery disease, pregnancy, drug therapy, sleep apnea
Long term effects of hypertension - CORRECT ANSWER - MI, heart failure,
kidney disease, stroke, PAD, retinopathy
What is cardiac output and the normal cardiac output? - CORRECT ANSWER
- The amount of blood pumped OUT of the heart every minute. This number is
4 L a minute on average.
What is ejection fraction and how do you find it and what is the normal? -
CORRECT ANSWER - The amount (%) of blood getting pumped each time a
heart beats. You can find this number from an ECHO. The normal percentage is
50-80%.
What is cardiac index? - CORRECT ANSWER - Same as cardiac output,
except the size of the body is included.
