Straighterline Microbiology BIO250 Final
Exam LATEST UPDATE 2026 (60
Questions)
What is a Transforming Infection? -CORRECTANSWER Virus that alters cell DNA,
leading to cancer
What is a lysogenic infection? -CORRECTANSWER Phage DNA is incorporated into
host genome and is passed on to subsequent generations
What is a Lytic Bacteriophage Infection? -CORRECTANSWER Host cell gets so packed
with viruses that is lyses (splits) open and releases mature virions
What are the three principle purposes of cultivating viruses? -CORRECTANSWER 1.)
Isolate and ID viruses in clinical specimens
2.) Prepare viruses for vaccines
3.) Research viral strucutre, multiplication cycles, genetics, and effects on hosts
What are three ways in which viruses are cultivated? -CORRECTANSWER 1.) Using
live animal inoculation
2.) Using bird embryos
3.) Using cell (tissue) culture techniques
,What are three noncellular infections agents besides viruses? -CORRECTANSWER
Prions, viroids, and satellite viruses.
List the essential nutrients of a bacterial cell: -CORRECTANSWER CHONPS
C - arbon
H - ydrogen
N - itrogen
P - hosphate
S - ulphur
What are four terms that describe an organisms source of Carbon and Energy? -
CORRECTANSWER Photoautotrophos, chemoautotrophs, chemoheterotrophs,
lithoautotrophs
Define Saprobe: -CORRECTANSWER A microbe that decomposes organic remains
from dead organisms
Define Parasite -CORRECTANSWER An organism that lives in or within a host from
which it obtains nutrients and enjoys protection. Produces some degree of harm to host
Define Diffusion: -CORRECTANSWER movement from high to low
, Define Osmosis: -CORRECTANSWER Diffusion of water through a selectively
permeable membrane
hypotonic cell: -CORRECTANSWER cells that are less concentrated than their
environment; water rushes in, may burst cell
hypertonic cell: -CORRECTANSWER cells that are more concentrated than their
environment; water rushes out of the cell causing it to shrivel
isotonic cell: -CORRECTANSWER extracellular environment has the same
concentration of solutes as the cell cytoplasm
types of passive transport -CORRECTANSWER Facilitated diffusion, molecule-specific,
simple diffusion
facilitated diffusion -CORRECTANSWER passive transport: Movement of specific
molecules across cell membranes through protein channels by binding to receptors
molecule specific
transport -CORRECTANSWER Passive transport goes both directions. Rate is limited
by number of binding sites on transport proteins
Exam LATEST UPDATE 2026 (60
Questions)
What is a Transforming Infection? -CORRECTANSWER Virus that alters cell DNA,
leading to cancer
What is a lysogenic infection? -CORRECTANSWER Phage DNA is incorporated into
host genome and is passed on to subsequent generations
What is a Lytic Bacteriophage Infection? -CORRECTANSWER Host cell gets so packed
with viruses that is lyses (splits) open and releases mature virions
What are the three principle purposes of cultivating viruses? -CORRECTANSWER 1.)
Isolate and ID viruses in clinical specimens
2.) Prepare viruses for vaccines
3.) Research viral strucutre, multiplication cycles, genetics, and effects on hosts
What are three ways in which viruses are cultivated? -CORRECTANSWER 1.) Using
live animal inoculation
2.) Using bird embryos
3.) Using cell (tissue) culture techniques
,What are three noncellular infections agents besides viruses? -CORRECTANSWER
Prions, viroids, and satellite viruses.
List the essential nutrients of a bacterial cell: -CORRECTANSWER CHONPS
C - arbon
H - ydrogen
N - itrogen
P - hosphate
S - ulphur
What are four terms that describe an organisms source of Carbon and Energy? -
CORRECTANSWER Photoautotrophos, chemoautotrophs, chemoheterotrophs,
lithoautotrophs
Define Saprobe: -CORRECTANSWER A microbe that decomposes organic remains
from dead organisms
Define Parasite -CORRECTANSWER An organism that lives in or within a host from
which it obtains nutrients and enjoys protection. Produces some degree of harm to host
Define Diffusion: -CORRECTANSWER movement from high to low
, Define Osmosis: -CORRECTANSWER Diffusion of water through a selectively
permeable membrane
hypotonic cell: -CORRECTANSWER cells that are less concentrated than their
environment; water rushes in, may burst cell
hypertonic cell: -CORRECTANSWER cells that are more concentrated than their
environment; water rushes out of the cell causing it to shrivel
isotonic cell: -CORRECTANSWER extracellular environment has the same
concentration of solutes as the cell cytoplasm
types of passive transport -CORRECTANSWER Facilitated diffusion, molecule-specific,
simple diffusion
facilitated diffusion -CORRECTANSWER passive transport: Movement of specific
molecules across cell membranes through protein channels by binding to receptors
molecule specific
transport -CORRECTANSWER Passive transport goes both directions. Rate is limited
by number of binding sites on transport proteins
