Hardy-Weinberg Equation, Allele Frequency, Genotype Frequency, Phenotype Frequency, Homozygous Dominant (p²), Heterozygous (2pq), Homozygous Recessive (q²), Autosomal Recessive Disease, Carrier Frequency, p + q = 1, HW Equilibrium Conditions, Random Matin

Hardy-Weinberg Equation, Allele Frequency, Genotype Frequency, Phenotype Frequency, Homozygous Dominant (p²), Heterozygous (2pq), Homozygous Recessive (q²), Autosomal Recessive Disease, Carrier Frequency, p + q = 1, HW Equilibrium Conditions, Random Mating, No Mutation, No Selection, Large Population, No Migration, Genetic Drift, Founder Effect, Bottleneck Effect, Tay-Sachs, Gaucher Disease, Ellis-Van Creveld Syndrome, Sickle Cell Anemia, Natural Selection, Gene Flow/Migration, Consanguinity, PKU, Cystic Fibrosis Verified Exam Questions Provided with A+ Graded Rationales Latest Updated 2026 Allele frequency Qstn stem may be worded: "What is the frequency of homozygote wild type (p2)?" "What is the frequency of disease-causing alleles (2p+q2)"? % 1 allele occurs in a gene pool or Proportion of a particular allele in a population Phenotype frequency Qstn stem may be worded: "What is the frequency of disease (q2)"? % of one type of individual in the population or Proportion of individuals in a population that are of a certain phenotype Genotype Frequency Qstn stem may be worded: "What is the carrier frequency (2pq)" Proportion of individuals in a population that are of a certain phenotype what is the phenotype frequency for autosomal recessive conditions? (HY/TQ) the proportion of a particular phenotype in the population (q^2) *homozygous recessive* Hardy Weinberg Equation & Terms 2pq p^2 q^2 p + q = p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1 frequency of heterozygous genotype frequency of homozygous dominant frequency of homozygous recessive w/ phenotype frequency *Autosomal recessive disease* p + q= 1 5 conditions for Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium 1. No mutations 2. Random mating 3. No natural selection 4. Extremely large population size 5. No gene flow/migration How is genotype frequency calculated? take the number of individuals with the specified genotype and divide it by the total population # EX: AA = 647 Total = 788 Genotype frequency of AA = 647/788 = 0.82 Practice Question Example How is allele frequency calculated? the total number of specific alleles divided by the total number of alleles EX: Find domina