Anatomy & Physiology Complete Mastery Guide: Gross & Microscopic Anatomy, Cytology, Histology, Embryology, Body Planes & Cavities, Anatomical Position, Organ Systems, Homeostasis, Negative & Positive Feedback, Metabolism, Anabolism, Catabolism, Structural

Anatomy & Physiology Complete Mastery Guide: Gross & Microscopic Anatomy, Cytology, Histology, Embryology, Body Planes & Cavities, Anatomical Position, Organ Systems, Homeostasis, Negative & Positive Feedback, Metabolism, Anabolism, Catabolism, Structural Levels of Organization, Epithelial & Connective Tissue, Nervous & Endocrine Regulation Exam Questions Verified and Provided with A+ Graded Rationales Latest Updated 2026 Biology study of all forms of life (includes microscopic single-celled, multi-cellular, plants, animals and humans Anatomy is a branch of biology as well. It is the shape and structure of an organism's body and relationship of its parts; it literally means to cut apart Physiology study of function of the body part and how they function in the complete living organism Different Types of Physiology viral, bacterial, cellular, plant, animal, human Human Physiologists studies focus on a body system like the renal system, reproductive system, or neurological system or can focus on regions of the body such as the head and neck, thorax, abdomen, pelvis, or extremities Gross Anatomy study of large and easily (what you can see with the naked eye) observable structures Morphology can also be a part of gross anatomy. Morph/o means shape like looking at external features, and main divisions Microscopic Anatomy uses a microscope to view its structures. When using n electron microscope, it is called fine structure or ultrastructure Cytology microscopic study of structure, function, and development of cells that comprise body parts. Heart cells look different from kidney cells or liver cells, or bone tissue, or muscle tissue... Histology microscopic study of tissues and organs that make up the entire body of an organism Developmental Anatomy study of growth and development of organism from fertilized egg to an adult Embryology study of formation of organism from a fertilized egg up to birth. This is also called prenatal development Comparative Anatomy study of comparing body parts and organs of humans to animals in the animal kingdom looking at similarities and differences Radiographic Anatomy uses roentgen rays, fluoroscope machines, ultrasound, CT or MRT to diagnose disorders and injuries Systematic Anatomy study of structure and function of organs or parts that comprise a certain organ system. In Dermatology we study skin, hair, and nails, in Endocrinology we study the endocrine gland or hormonal systems in the body, and in Neurology we study structure and function of the nervous system Anatomical Position body erect, face forward, arms hand at side, palms of the hands facing forward, fingers extended thumbs pointing away from the body with the feet together Anterior or Ventral in front of or pertaining to the front Posterior or Dorsal in back of or pertaining to the back Cranial pertaining to the skull or head end Caudal tail end or pertaining to the tail Superior pertaining to upper or pertaining to above another; it also means toward the head or to a higher position Inferior lower or below another or away from the head; in a lower position Medial toward the midline of median plane of the body Lateral Sway or away from the midline of the body Proximal toward the point of attachment to the body or toward the trunk of the body closer to a point of reference; usually used in reference to extremities Distal away from the point of attachment or origin, farthest from the trunk, farther from any point of reference; usually used in reference to extremities Superficial or External on or near the surface of the body; a superficial wound involves injury to outer skin Deep or Internal located further beneath the body surface and usually refers to body cavities and hollow organs Cervical pertaining to the neck or pertaining to the cervix Thoracic pertaining to the thorax or the portion of the body between the neck and abdomen Lumbar pertaining to th