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NURS 5432 FNP 1 All Exams Study Guide | Questions and Answers (With Notes) | Latest Update 2026/2027 | University of Texas, Arlington

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NURS 5432 FNP 1 All Exams Study Guide | Questions and Answers (With Notes) | Latest Update 2026/2027 | University of Texas, Arlington What does the acronym PALM/COEIN stand for? The acronym PALM-COEIN standing for possible causes of AUB… none. • Polyp • Adenomyosis – occurs when the tissue that normally lines the uterus (endometrial tissue) grows into the muscular wall of the uterus. • Leiomyoma - a group of benign smooth muscle tumors commonly present in premenopausal women. • Malignancy and hyperplasia • Coagulopathy – up to 18% of women w/ AUB have underlying dz. o Consider von Willebrand panel in blood tests. • Ovulatory dysfunction • Endometrial – involving the lining of the uterus. • Iatrogenic o Caused by medical device/medication. • Not yet classified. OB – This classification system pairs AUB with descriptive terms denoting the bleeding pattern (ie, heavy, light and menstrual, intermenstrual) and etiology. Module 2 – Women’s Health PAP screening guidelines Abnormal PAP tests, cervical cancer, vaginal candidiasis, and Bartholin's gland cyst. What do the guidelines state the age is for the first PAP? Last PAP? How do you manage abnormal PAPs? Pt will have HPV testing to determine sub-type of HPV. Pt may also have colposcopy if they test positive for high-risk type. Routine surveillance is recommended based on age, and the governing body recommended frequency (typically between every 3-5 years). What is the treatment for vaginal candidiasis and Bartholin's gland cyst? Vaginal Candidiasis – none • Antifungals – topical vs oral o Flagyl PO 150mg once o Clotrimazole, miconazole, terconazole – vary from one-time doses to 3–7- day courses. Bartholin’s gland cysts – none • I+D o Word catheter inserted – 4-6 weeks to allow for drainage. • Abx therapy The second lecture covers abnormal uterine bleeding. The third lecture covers PCOS. Polycystic ovarian syndrome. 4 possible methods to have diagnosis – Androgen excess + ovulatory dysfunction (commonly seen in adolescents). Androgen excess + polycystic ovarian morphology (aka ovarian cysts) Ovulatory dysfunction + polycystic ovarian morphology Androgen excess + ovulatory dysfunction + polycystic ovarian morphology DON’T NECESSARILY HAVE TO HAVE OVARIAN MORPHOLOGY TO HAVE DX. Patho? Excess androgens d/t hyperandrogenism. (Unopposed estrogen??). Familial link. Possibly induced by high calorie intake early on in life. What are the signs and symptoms of PCOS? This disease presents as – • menstrual disorders/irregularity (amenorrhea to heavy vaginal bleeding) and infertility • androgen excess – acne and hirsutism (females have male hair patterns – facial hair, male pattern baldness). • Insulin resistance is also common; this leads to obesity, DMT2 and metabolic syndrome, and acanthosis nigricans. Preg pt have increased risk for complications – GD and preeclampsia. • Differentiate from a virilizing tumor – while PCOS has a slow onset, a virilizing tumor typically causes a rapid onset of hirsutism and acne. (a hormone-producing tumor on adrenal gland that produces androgens.) o Not necessarily helpful, as this lab value will be elevated in obese patients anyhow, d/t ^leptin levels. o Will often see ^TSH and normal T4. o Still useful to r/o severe hypothyroidism • A1c/OGTT o Useful for obese patients o OGTT is the preferred test. o 2hr OGTT yearly How do you manage PCOS? Once PCOS is confirmed – • Get further assessment – o Assess for metabolic syndrome, which is defined as – ▪ Serum TGL 150 ▪ HDL 50, in women ▪ HTN 130/85 ▪ Fasting plasma glucose 100 ▪ Central obesity, waist 35, Asian women 28 o US not entirely helpful – ▪ Pelvic US (not necessary for diagnosis) will find follicles in ovaries that look like cysts; these are because of delayed/abnormal menstrual cycles due to hormone irregularities in the disease. ▪ Many of these patients are younger, so likely virginal (so will not tolerate transvaginal US) and obese (so transabdominal likely poor quality) ▪ Consider possible adrenal US, as adrenal tumor is possible. Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) • Management – o Diet and exercise. ▪ “10% weight reduction to improve insulin levels and menstrual irregularities.” o Diet therapy - none. ▪ Low carb, low glycemic index foods ▪ “Don’t eat white stuff, except cauliflower.” • Eliminates white flower, white sugar. ▪ South Beach Diet, Mediterranean diet ▪ Weight Watchers may be paid for by Medicaid. • But it works on a points system, which will still allow patients to consume carbohydrates. o Exercise – none. ▪ 90min of aerobic exercise per week to improve ovarian function. o Pharm - none. ▪ Metformin • Start w/ 500mg XR daily (generic is cheap) • Multimodal efficacy – o Insulin sensitizer, and does not ↑ insulin production o ↓ hepatic glucose production, ↓ intestinal absorption of glucose o ↑ glucose utilization, ↑ basal/postprandial glucose • Monitor renal status, and for lactic acidosis. • Educate pt they may begin to have periods, become pregnant. ▪ Estrogen/Progestin – • Estrogen – review contraindications o Increased risk of uterine CA, save for hx of hysterectomy. • Progestin – o Given to induce regular periods again. o Helpsreduce possible development of ovarian CA from unopposed estrogen. • Mono/tri/multiphasic pills – may need to notify pharmacy that it isn’t for contraception, but to treat medical condition (PCOS) o Monophasic – same dose in every pill. ▪ Preferred, most stabilizing dose. ▪ Consider using this over a 6-month period to get irregular patients stabilized. o Biphasic – increasing progestin level to thicken endometrium, dose changes midway through the cycle. o Triphasic – different hormone levels each week, designed to mimic a normal cycle. In obese patients with PCOS, weight reduction and exercise are often effective in reversing the metabolic effects and in inducing ovulation. For women who do not respond to weight loss and exercise and do not desire pregnancy, combined hormonal contraceptives are first-line treatment to manage hyperandrogenism and menstrual irregularities. Intermittent or continuous progestin therapy or a hormonal IUD may be used for endometrial protection in women who cannot or choose not to use combined hormonal contraceptives. Metformin therapy may be used as a second-line therapy to improve menstrual function. Metformin has little or no benefit in the treatment of hirsutism, acne, or infertility. For women who are seeking pregnancy and remain anovulatory, letrozole (first line), clomiphene, or other medications can be used for ovarian stimulation (see section on Infertility below). Women with PCOS have increased risk for twin gestation with ovarian stimulation. For women who are seeking pregnancy and remain anovulatory, letrozole (first line), clomiphene, or other medications can be used for ovarian stimulation (see section on Infertility below). Women with PCOS have increased risk for twin gestation with ovarian stimulation.

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NURS 5432 FNP 1 All Exams Study Guide | Questions and
Answers (With Notes) | Latest Update 2026/2027 | University
of Texas, Arlington



UTA – NURS 5432 – FNP 1 – Exam Study Notes
This document covers the entirety of the class – consisting of a midterm and the comprehensive final. Don’t waste
your time watching all those videos, they are horribly low yield. By following this document, I just saved you a
dozen or so hours of studying – you’re welcome. All highlighted, red, italicized text are those focused questions that
appear in those outlined summaries of each module. Double check these against your current semester taking this
course. That said, I can’t really make any of these modules high yield as anything could be on the exams from
these modules; and in all honesty, that was the case for me. However, think about it this way - since you are
only going to get 150 questions (between the midterm and the final) and there’s over 100 pages in this
document summarizing the entirety of the course, comprised of I-don’t-know-how-many-data-points, focus
on that topics/categories that you are most likely to be tested on; or, to put it another way, what do you think
you are going to be absolutely, 100% be tested on? That answers I’m going for are – pharmacology, diagnostics,
physical assessment, patho, etc. I would tackle each topic in this manner. I highly recommend to focus on these
categories of each topic first – as it is basically impossible to simply review everything covered in the course and
properly retain everything. For instance, focus on (and memorize) all the pharmacology for each topic covered in
the course (anki maybe); then do the same for diagnostics, and so on. Doing this, you may not cover every possible
question you could get, but you would at least ace the questions you are for sure going to be asked in each of those
categories. Trust me, you will be. Any italicized text is my own note/addition/snarky comment and did not come from
lecture material. I would suggest cross-referencing all these topics w/ Osmosis videos (if you have time) and chatgpt
(ask your question, followed by the prompt “please explain in advanced medical terminology.” Be cognizant of
possible AI hallucinations). Also, you must get 100% on everything else in the course. Good luck.
I won’t be making another one of these for FNP2 or FNP3 – so don’t bother looking for it. This took too much time to create.
Recommend your notes utilize the following format –
Disease name –
What are signs and symptoms? –
Special considerations for this disease? –
How do you manage disease? –
When do you refer to specialist(s)?

Mid-term Exam – modules 1-4 –

Module 1 -
Vaccinations >>
should not be delayed due to minor illnesses, even if they illicit low-grade fever. However, for
moderate to severe infections, vaccinations could be postponed. Premature infants should
follow a schedule for immunizations based on their chronological age, not their gestational age.
Vaccine doses should not be adjusted (reduced) for premature or low-birthweight patients.
Chronic diseases are not outright contra-indications; however, vaccination with DTaP should be
deferred until the neurologic condition has been clarified and/or is stable.

Rotavirus vaccines –
• Rotarix –doses s/b given 28 days apart – for infants, given at age 2 mo and 4 mo.
– completed by 24 weeks.

, • Rotateq – 3 doses completed by 32 weeks of age.

Immunodeficient children should not be given live-virus vaccines. These include –
• Oral polio vaccine [OPV, not available in the United States]
• Rotavirus
• MMR
• VAR

, • MMRV
• yellow fever
• LAIV (live attenuated)
• Live-bacteria vaccines (BCG or live typhoid fever vaccine).
If malignancy is in remission or chemo hasn’t been administered within 90 days they can receive
live virus vaccine.


Known allergies and vaccines –
MMR, IPV, and VAR contain microgram quantities of neomycin, and IPV also contains trace
amounts of streptomycin and polymyxin B; children with known anaphylactic responses to
these antibiotics should not be given these vaccines.
Trace quantities of egg antigens may be present in both inactivated and live influenza and
yellow fever vaccines. Guidelines for influenza vaccination in children with egg allergies have
recently changed. The trace amounts of egg protein are generally considered below the
threshold needed to induce an allergic reaction and there has been no increased risk of
anaphylaxis documented in children with severe egg allergies. Therefore, children with severe
egg allergy can be vaccinated with influenza vaccine with no special precautions beyond those
for any other vaccine.

RV vaccine –
Rare incidence (1 in 20k-100k) of intussusception. Med should be avoided in pt’s w/ hx of
chronic GI issues (Hirschsprung’s dz, hx of intussusception, or immune conditions. RV1 should
not be given to infants with a severe latex allergy; container for RV1 med has latex. Both
vaccines (RV1 + RV5) are contraindicated in infants with severe combined immunodeficiency
(SCID). RV vaccines should be avoided in infants whose mother received a biologic response
modifier (eg, etanercept) during pregnancy. Vaccination should be deferred in infants with
acute moderate or severe gastroenteritis. Hospitalized children should wait until post
discharge to receive their first dose.

Developmental >>
Typical things children should be able to do, by age –
• They can lift their heads with good control at 3 months.
• Sit independently at 6 months – question involved a 4mo.
• What can they do at 4mo??
• Roll over from front to back by 6 months?
• Hand to hand transfer 5-6 months.
• Pincer grasp 8-10 months.
• crawl at 9 months.
• Pinch grasp at 12 months.
• walk at 1 year.
o The child learning to walk has a wide based gait at first. Next, he or she walks
with legs closer together, the arms move medially, a heel toe gait develops, and
the arms swing symmetrically by 18–24 months.
• Feed self by 15 months.
• Scoop with a spoon, throw ball at 18 months.
• run by 18 months.

, • 18 months – would be concerning if they are not making eye contact or
feeding themselves.
• Speech / language –
o Babbling reaches a peak at age 12 months.
o The child then moves into a stage of having needs met by using individual words
to represent objects or actions. It is common at this age for children to express
wants and needs by pointing to objects or using other gestures.
o Children usually have 5–10 comprehensible words by 12–18 months; by age 2
years they are putting 2–3 words into flexible phrases, 50% of which
strangers can understand and fluidly use about 50 words for various needs.
o The acquisition of expressive vocabulary expands significantly between 12 and 24
months of age. As they age, children become more understanding.
o By kindergarten age – they can understand 100% of the language.
o approximately 75% of speech understandable at 3 years old,
o about 100% of speech is understandable by 4 years old.

Tanner Stages >>
System for describing predictable steps during sexual maturation.
Centers on two, independent criteria –
• Appearance – pubic hair in males and females
• Genital development –
o Males – increased testicular volume, penile growth.
o Females – breast development

Tanner Stages – be able to stage by age.
• Stage 1 – pre-pubertal
o No pubic hair, either sex
• Stage 2 –
o Soft pubic hair, both sexes
o M – measurable testes enlargement
o F – breast buds appear
• Stage 3 –
o Pubic hair becomes coarser.
o M – penis begins to enlarge in size, length
o F – breast mounds form
• Stage 4 –
o Pubic hair begins to cover the pubic area.
o M – penis begins to widen
o F – breast enlargement forms “mound on mound” breast contour
• Stage 5 – adult
o Pubic hair extends to the inner thigh.
o M – penis, tests enlarge to adult size
o F – breast takes on adult contour

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