Test bank - Understanding Pathophysiology 8th Edition by Sue E. Huether, Kathryn L. McCance, and Valentina L. Brashers.

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Test bank - Understanding Pathophysiology 8th
Edition by Sue E. Huether, Kathryn L. McCance,
and Valentina L. Brashers.




3

, 1. Cellular Biology
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2. Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology
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3. The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases
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4. Genes and Genetic Diseases
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5. Epigenetics and Disease
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6. Genes, Environment–Lifestyle, and Common Diseases
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7. Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing
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8. Adaptive Immunity
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9. Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation
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10. Infection
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11. Stress and Disease
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12. Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer
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13. Alterations in Oxygen Transport
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14. Alterations in Hemostasis and Coagulation
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15. Alterations in White Blood Cell Function
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16. Alterations in Cardiovascular Function
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17. Shock, Sepsis, and Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
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18. Alterations of Pulmonary Function
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19. Alterations of Hormonal Regulation
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20. Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children
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21. Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children
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22. Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children
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23. Structure and Function of the Neurologic System
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24. Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function
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25. Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function
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26. Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and Neuromuscular Junction
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27. Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children
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28. Structure and Function of the Endocrine System
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29. Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation
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30. Alterations of Endocrine Function
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31. Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function
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32. Alterations of Digestive Function
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33. Alterations of Liver and Biliary Function
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34. Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function
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35. Alterations of Reproductive Function
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4

, Chapter 1. Cellular Biology b-g b-g b-g




MULTIPLE CHOICE b-g




1. A student is observing a cell under the microscope. It is observed to have supercoiled
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DNA with histones. Which of the following would also be observed by the student?
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a. A single circular chromosome
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b. A nucleus
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c. Free-floating nuclear material b-g b-g




d. No organelles b-g




ANS: B b-g




The cell described is a eukaryotic cell, so it has histones and a supercoiled DNA within its
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nucleus; thus, the nucleus should be observed. A single circular chromosome is characteristic of
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prokaryotic cells, which do not have histones. Free-floating nuclear material describes a
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prokaryotic cell, which would not have a distinct nucleus. Eukaryotic cells have membrane-
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bound cellular components called organelles. No organelles describe a prokaryotic cell.
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2. A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions. Which cellular function is
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the nurse describing when an isolated cell absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform
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nutrients to energy? b-g b-g




a. Metabolic absorption b-g




b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration

ANS: D b-g




The ability of the cell to absorb oxygen refers to the cells function of respiration. The ability
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of the cell to function within a society of cells refers to its function of communication. The
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ability of the cell to take in nutrients refers to the cells function of metabolic absorption.The
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ability of the cell to synthesize new substances and secrete these elsewhere refers to the cells
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function of secretion.
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5

, 3. A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would
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most of the genetic information be contained?
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a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleus

ANS: C b-g




The region of the cell that contains genetic material, including a large amount of ribonucleic
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acid, most of the DNA, and DNA-binding proteins, is the nucleolus. The mitochondria is the
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site of cellular respiration. The ribosomes are involved in the manufacturing of proteins within
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the cell. The nucleus contains the nucleolus, and it is the nucleolus that contains genetic
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material.
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4. The fluid-mosaic model for biologic membranes describes membrane
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behavior. According to this model, which of the following float singly or as aggregates
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in the fluid lipid bilayer?
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a. Peripheral membrane proteins b-g b-g




b. Integral membrane proteins b-g b-g




c. Glycoproteins
d. Cell adhesion molecules b-g b-g




ANS: B b-g




Integral membrane proteins float freely in the fluid lipid bilayer. Peripheral membrane proteins
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are not embedded in the layer, but reside at the surface. Glycoproteins act as cell surface
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markers. Cell adhesion molecules are on the outside of the membrane and allow cells to hook
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together.
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