UAMS Immunology Exam #2 Questions with Verified Answers
What makes a cell mature? What are the mature What are the light antibody chains? -
lymphocytes and their receptors? - ANSWER - ANSWER -Kappa and lambda
Its' ability to recognize an antigen. B cells -
membrane bound antibodies on the cell surface. T
cells - TCRs What are the 2 antibody regions? Which region gives
specificity? - ANSWER -Constant and variable,
variable gives specificity
What is capable of antigen recognition without
specific antigen receptors? - ANSWER -Natural
killer cells What are the maturation sequential steps? -
ANSWER -A bone marrow stromal cell
stimulates a lymphoid stem cell, lymphoid cells
What 3 events are common to both T and B becomes a pro-B cell, pro-B becomes pre-B, pre-B
lymphocyte maturation? - ANSWER - becomes immature B cell, and then finally a mature B
Proliferation - immature cells multiply cell
Expression - antigen receptor genes (CD markers)
are rearranged
Selection - lymphocytes that express useful antigen What is the first recognizable cell in the B cell line?
receptors are selected by a "self-check" process What is this cell committed to? - ANSWER -Pro-
B cell. Committed to the formation of making IgM
heavy chains.
Where do B cells originate? Where do they mature?
What type of lymphopoiesis is this? What percentage
are peripheral blood lymphocytes? - ANSWER - What cell is stimulated by the formation of heavy
Hematopoietic stem cells. Mature in the bone chains? What is this cell committed to? What
marrow. Antigen independent. 10-15% happens once this is done? - ANSWER -Pre-B
cell. The formation of light chains. A heavy chain and
surrogate light chain are pushed out of the cell onto
Describe the general B cell maturation process. - the surface.
ANSWER -Genes coding for heavy and light
chain antibodies are rearranged, which changes the
expression of CD markers that help distinguish each What makes up the pre-B receptor? What does this
maturation phase. The end result is a B cell receptor do? - ANSWER -M (u) heavy chains
programmed to produce a unique antibody molecule. and surrogate light chains. It stimulates proliferation
and further differentiation of the pre-B cell.
Which B cell CD marker is found on activated T and
B cells, is a receptor for IL-2, and is a growth factor What characterizes an immature B cell? What is this
made by T cells? - ANSWER -CD25 cell committed to? - ANSWER -A complete IgM
molecule on the surface, surrogate light chains
replaced by mature light chains, and M (u) no longer
What is the basic antibody structure? - found in the cytoplasm. Immature cells committed to
ANSWER -2 heavy chains and 2 light chains the formation of IgD.
What are the heavy antibody chains? - On what cells does the selection "self check" process
ANSWER -G (y), A (a), M (u), E (e), and D (d) take place? How are cells selected and what
happens to them if they do or do not get selected? -
ANSWER -Immature B cells. Cells are selected
, UAMS Immunology Exam #2 Questions with Verified Answers
to die by apoptosis if they are self reacting. Cells that intensity.
live undergo further maturation in the spleen.
How does the presence of Th cells impact mature cell
Why are self-reacting cells eliminated? What activation? - ANSWER -If Th cells are present
percentage is typically eliminated? - ANSWER - when the mature cell comes into contact with an
To prevent an auto-immune disease, we don't want antigen and becomes activated, they can induce the
our own cells attacking us. 90%. activated cells to become plasma cells and memory
cells, which allows high antigen affinity and class
switching capabilities.
What characterizes a mature B cell? Where do these However, if the Th cells are absent when the mature
cells go after maturation completion? - cell interacts with antigen and becomes activated,
ANSWER -The co-expression of IgD and IgM to only plasma cells with low antigen affinity and little to
form a complete BCR. They travel to the secondary no class switching can be produced. No memory
lymphoid organs. cells.
After B cell maturation is complete and B cells have Which cells produce antibodies? - ANSWER -
traveled to the secondary lymphoid organs, what do Plasma cells
they do next? - ANSWER -They migrate looking
for their specific antigen. If no contact with the
antigen is made, they will die within a few days. If Which cell has expression of IgM and IgD? -
contact with appropriate antigen occurs, the cell ANSWER -Mature B cell
becomes activated to proliferate and differentiate into
plasma and memory cells.
Which cell starts forming M (u) chain? -
ANSWER -Pro-B cell
What type of lymphopoiesis occurs with an activated
B cell? How does this work? - ANSWER -
Antigen dependent. The BCR binds to 2 or more Which cell has antigen dependent lymphopoiesis? -
antigen molecules, which activate the cell to ANSWER -Activated B cell
proliferate and differentiate into plasma and memory
cells.
Which cell expresses IgM? - ANSWER -
Immature B cell
What is another term for plasma cells? What is their
function, location, and lifespan? - ANSWER -
Effector cells. They produce antibodies. Located in What is the 1st recognizable B cell? -
the bone marrow and secondary follicles. Produce ANSWER -Pro-B cell
thousands of antibodies a minute and die after
several days.
Which cell has a long lifespan and is found in the
secondary follicles? - ANSWER -Memory B cell
What do memory cells require to become effective?
Where are they located? What is their lifespan? What
do memory cells provide? - ANSWER -A Which cell is involved with the formation of IgD? -
protein antigen. Secondary follicles. They have a ANSWER -Immature B cell
long lifespan if contact is made with antigen. They
provide the ability to respond rapidly and with greater
What makes a cell mature? What are the mature What are the light antibody chains? -
lymphocytes and their receptors? - ANSWER - ANSWER -Kappa and lambda
Its' ability to recognize an antigen. B cells -
membrane bound antibodies on the cell surface. T
cells - TCRs What are the 2 antibody regions? Which region gives
specificity? - ANSWER -Constant and variable,
variable gives specificity
What is capable of antigen recognition without
specific antigen receptors? - ANSWER -Natural
killer cells What are the maturation sequential steps? -
ANSWER -A bone marrow stromal cell
stimulates a lymphoid stem cell, lymphoid cells
What 3 events are common to both T and B becomes a pro-B cell, pro-B becomes pre-B, pre-B
lymphocyte maturation? - ANSWER - becomes immature B cell, and then finally a mature B
Proliferation - immature cells multiply cell
Expression - antigen receptor genes (CD markers)
are rearranged
Selection - lymphocytes that express useful antigen What is the first recognizable cell in the B cell line?
receptors are selected by a "self-check" process What is this cell committed to? - ANSWER -Pro-
B cell. Committed to the formation of making IgM
heavy chains.
Where do B cells originate? Where do they mature?
What type of lymphopoiesis is this? What percentage
are peripheral blood lymphocytes? - ANSWER - What cell is stimulated by the formation of heavy
Hematopoietic stem cells. Mature in the bone chains? What is this cell committed to? What
marrow. Antigen independent. 10-15% happens once this is done? - ANSWER -Pre-B
cell. The formation of light chains. A heavy chain and
surrogate light chain are pushed out of the cell onto
Describe the general B cell maturation process. - the surface.
ANSWER -Genes coding for heavy and light
chain antibodies are rearranged, which changes the
expression of CD markers that help distinguish each What makes up the pre-B receptor? What does this
maturation phase. The end result is a B cell receptor do? - ANSWER -M (u) heavy chains
programmed to produce a unique antibody molecule. and surrogate light chains. It stimulates proliferation
and further differentiation of the pre-B cell.
Which B cell CD marker is found on activated T and
B cells, is a receptor for IL-2, and is a growth factor What characterizes an immature B cell? What is this
made by T cells? - ANSWER -CD25 cell committed to? - ANSWER -A complete IgM
molecule on the surface, surrogate light chains
replaced by mature light chains, and M (u) no longer
What is the basic antibody structure? - found in the cytoplasm. Immature cells committed to
ANSWER -2 heavy chains and 2 light chains the formation of IgD.
What are the heavy antibody chains? - On what cells does the selection "self check" process
ANSWER -G (y), A (a), M (u), E (e), and D (d) take place? How are cells selected and what
happens to them if they do or do not get selected? -
ANSWER -Immature B cells. Cells are selected
, UAMS Immunology Exam #2 Questions with Verified Answers
to die by apoptosis if they are self reacting. Cells that intensity.
live undergo further maturation in the spleen.
How does the presence of Th cells impact mature cell
Why are self-reacting cells eliminated? What activation? - ANSWER -If Th cells are present
percentage is typically eliminated? - ANSWER - when the mature cell comes into contact with an
To prevent an auto-immune disease, we don't want antigen and becomes activated, they can induce the
our own cells attacking us. 90%. activated cells to become plasma cells and memory
cells, which allows high antigen affinity and class
switching capabilities.
What characterizes a mature B cell? Where do these However, if the Th cells are absent when the mature
cells go after maturation completion? - cell interacts with antigen and becomes activated,
ANSWER -The co-expression of IgD and IgM to only plasma cells with low antigen affinity and little to
form a complete BCR. They travel to the secondary no class switching can be produced. No memory
lymphoid organs. cells.
After B cell maturation is complete and B cells have Which cells produce antibodies? - ANSWER -
traveled to the secondary lymphoid organs, what do Plasma cells
they do next? - ANSWER -They migrate looking
for their specific antigen. If no contact with the
antigen is made, they will die within a few days. If Which cell has expression of IgM and IgD? -
contact with appropriate antigen occurs, the cell ANSWER -Mature B cell
becomes activated to proliferate and differentiate into
plasma and memory cells.
Which cell starts forming M (u) chain? -
ANSWER -Pro-B cell
What type of lymphopoiesis occurs with an activated
B cell? How does this work? - ANSWER -
Antigen dependent. The BCR binds to 2 or more Which cell has antigen dependent lymphopoiesis? -
antigen molecules, which activate the cell to ANSWER -Activated B cell
proliferate and differentiate into plasma and memory
cells.
Which cell expresses IgM? - ANSWER -
Immature B cell
What is another term for plasma cells? What is their
function, location, and lifespan? - ANSWER -
Effector cells. They produce antibodies. Located in What is the 1st recognizable B cell? -
the bone marrow and secondary follicles. Produce ANSWER -Pro-B cell
thousands of antibodies a minute and die after
several days.
Which cell has a long lifespan and is found in the
secondary follicles? - ANSWER -Memory B cell
What do memory cells require to become effective?
Where are they located? What is their lifespan? What
do memory cells provide? - ANSWER -A Which cell is involved with the formation of IgD? -
protein antigen. Secondary follicles. They have a ANSWER -Immature B cell
long lifespan if contact is made with antigen. They
provide the ability to respond rapidly and with greater
