Bio 2100 exam 1 Questions With Complete Solutions
Archaea
type of prokaryotic cell, extreme environments
cytoskeletal elements
microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules
Microtubules
long hallow cylindrical structure made of tubular protein
intermediate filaments
twisted roselike structure stable structures
microfilaments
long thin fibers, dynamic structures
Endoplasmic Reticulum
A cell structure that forms a maze of passageways in which
proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell
to another.
Smooth ER
-free of ribosomes.
- detoxification, carbohydrate metabolism, calcium balance,
synthesis, modification of lipids
nuclear envelope
A double membrane that surrounds the nucleus in the cell
,Golgi apparatus
secretion, processing, and protein synthesis
Vacuole
Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins,
and carbohydrates
Lysosomes
Uses chemicals to break down food and worn out cell parts
Peroxisomes
catalyze reactions that breakdown toxic molecules by removing
hydrogen or adding oxygen
Translation
1) initiation: a) mRNA molecule binds to small ribosomal
subunit, The tRNA the attaches to the start codon (AUG) ,
binding with its Anticodon (UAC), b) lager subunit is the
attached making a functional ribosome 2) elongation; a) the
tRNA reads the codon and creates the corresponding amino acid
on the P site, the next anticodon comes in (a site) b) the amino
acids from the p site then link with the amino acid on the A site
(peptide bond) c) the p site (now empty) leaves the ribosomes,
the ribosmome then continues with the process until it reaches
the stop codon 3) termination; stop codon, the polypeptide is
freed and the ribosome returns to, two subunits happens outside
of cell
Ribosmes
, Translation occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell, important in
protein synthesis
parts of the endomembrane system
nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus,
lysosomes, vacuoles and the plasma membrane.
semiautonomous
An organelle containing its own DNA and ribosomes within a
eukaryotic cell
-mitocondria and chloroplasts
function of mitochondria and chloroplasts
Mitochondria: makes ATP, cell division, synthesis,
modification, breakdown of molecules
-chloroplasts: captures light energy and use to synthesize
organic molecules
THEY DIVIDE THROUGH BINARY FISSION
probable origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts.
likely came from engulfed prokaryotes that once lived as
independent organisms
components of biological membranes.
Phospholipids, also contain proteins and carbohydrates
fluid mosaic model
exhibits properties that resemble a fluid because lipids and
proteins can move relative to each other
properties of the lipid bilayers
Archaea
type of prokaryotic cell, extreme environments
cytoskeletal elements
microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules
Microtubules
long hallow cylindrical structure made of tubular protein
intermediate filaments
twisted roselike structure stable structures
microfilaments
long thin fibers, dynamic structures
Endoplasmic Reticulum
A cell structure that forms a maze of passageways in which
proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell
to another.
Smooth ER
-free of ribosomes.
- detoxification, carbohydrate metabolism, calcium balance,
synthesis, modification of lipids
nuclear envelope
A double membrane that surrounds the nucleus in the cell
,Golgi apparatus
secretion, processing, and protein synthesis
Vacuole
Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins,
and carbohydrates
Lysosomes
Uses chemicals to break down food and worn out cell parts
Peroxisomes
catalyze reactions that breakdown toxic molecules by removing
hydrogen or adding oxygen
Translation
1) initiation: a) mRNA molecule binds to small ribosomal
subunit, The tRNA the attaches to the start codon (AUG) ,
binding with its Anticodon (UAC), b) lager subunit is the
attached making a functional ribosome 2) elongation; a) the
tRNA reads the codon and creates the corresponding amino acid
on the P site, the next anticodon comes in (a site) b) the amino
acids from the p site then link with the amino acid on the A site
(peptide bond) c) the p site (now empty) leaves the ribosomes,
the ribosmome then continues with the process until it reaches
the stop codon 3) termination; stop codon, the polypeptide is
freed and the ribosome returns to, two subunits happens outside
of cell
Ribosmes
, Translation occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell, important in
protein synthesis
parts of the endomembrane system
nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus,
lysosomes, vacuoles and the plasma membrane.
semiautonomous
An organelle containing its own DNA and ribosomes within a
eukaryotic cell
-mitocondria and chloroplasts
function of mitochondria and chloroplasts
Mitochondria: makes ATP, cell division, synthesis,
modification, breakdown of molecules
-chloroplasts: captures light energy and use to synthesize
organic molecules
THEY DIVIDE THROUGH BINARY FISSION
probable origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts.
likely came from engulfed prokaryotes that once lived as
independent organisms
components of biological membranes.
Phospholipids, also contain proteins and carbohydrates
fluid mosaic model
exhibits properties that resemble a fluid because lipids and
proteins can move relative to each other
properties of the lipid bilayers
