PSYC 331 Exam 2 2026 Exam
Questions and Verified Answers
| Already Graded A+
What is the main focus of behaviorism? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The study of
observable behavior rather than internal mental processes
Who is considered the founder of Russian objective psychology? -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔Ivan Sechenov
,What did Ivan Sechenov propose about thoughts and behavior? -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔Thoughts do not cause behavior; rather, behaviors are
reflexive and result from external stimulation
What is the significance of Sechenov's book 'Reflexes of the Brain'? -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔It asserted that higher functions are interleaved between
sensory and motor components of reflexes, allowing for inhibitory control.
What key concept did Sechenov's work confirm? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The idea
that excitation and inhibition of reflexive behavior could explain all human
behavior.
What discovery did Ivan Pavlov make during his research on digestion? -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔He discovered innate salivary responses in dogs, which he
termed 'psychic secretions'.
What is a conditioned reflex according to Pavlov? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A
learned response to a previously neutral stimulus that has been associated
with an unconditioned stimulus.
What are the two types of stimuli involved in classical conditioning? -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔Unconditioned stimulus (US) and conditioned stimulus (CS).
,What is an unconditioned response (UR)? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔An innate
response triggered by an unconditioned stimulus, such as salivation in
response to food.
What happens during the extinction of a conditioned response? -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔The conditioned response diminishes when the conditioned
stimulus is presented without the unconditioned stimulus.
What is spontaneous recovery in classical conditioning? - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔The re-emergence of a conditioned response after a period of extinction
when the conditioned stimulus is presented again.
What is generalization in the context of classical conditioning? - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔The elicitation of a conditioned response by stimuli that are similar to
the original conditioned stimulus.
What is differentiation in classical conditioning? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The ability
to distinguish between similar stimuli, where only one elicits a conditioned
response.
What did Pavlov mean by 'experimental neurosis'? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A
breakdown in behavior caused by conflicting excitatory and inhibitory
processes when stimuli are difficult to differentiate.
3
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STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, How did Pavlov's work influence the understanding of abnormal behavior? -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔He suggested that differences in responses to conflict could
be linked to variations in types of nervous systems.
What was the impact of Thorndike's work on behaviorism? - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔Thorndike's laws of learning from animal research were applied to
human behavior, contributing to the behaviorist movement.
What was the primary conflict in psychology during the behaviorist
revolution? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The conflict between introspection-based
approaches and the objective study of behavior.
What did Pavlov initially think about the field of psychology? - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔He considered it unscientific and was hesitant to associate his work
with it.
What role did Ivan Pavlov hold at St. Petersburg's Military Academy? -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔He was a professor of physiology.
What was the significance of Pavlov's Nobel Prize? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔It
brought widespread recognition to his work on classical conditioning.
Questions and Verified Answers
| Already Graded A+
What is the main focus of behaviorism? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The study of
observable behavior rather than internal mental processes
Who is considered the founder of Russian objective psychology? -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔Ivan Sechenov
,What did Ivan Sechenov propose about thoughts and behavior? -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔Thoughts do not cause behavior; rather, behaviors are
reflexive and result from external stimulation
What is the significance of Sechenov's book 'Reflexes of the Brain'? -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔It asserted that higher functions are interleaved between
sensory and motor components of reflexes, allowing for inhibitory control.
What key concept did Sechenov's work confirm? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The idea
that excitation and inhibition of reflexive behavior could explain all human
behavior.
What discovery did Ivan Pavlov make during his research on digestion? -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔He discovered innate salivary responses in dogs, which he
termed 'psychic secretions'.
What is a conditioned reflex according to Pavlov? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A
learned response to a previously neutral stimulus that has been associated
with an unconditioned stimulus.
What are the two types of stimuli involved in classical conditioning? -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔Unconditioned stimulus (US) and conditioned stimulus (CS).
,What is an unconditioned response (UR)? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔An innate
response triggered by an unconditioned stimulus, such as salivation in
response to food.
What happens during the extinction of a conditioned response? -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔The conditioned response diminishes when the conditioned
stimulus is presented without the unconditioned stimulus.
What is spontaneous recovery in classical conditioning? - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔The re-emergence of a conditioned response after a period of extinction
when the conditioned stimulus is presented again.
What is generalization in the context of classical conditioning? - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔The elicitation of a conditioned response by stimuli that are similar to
the original conditioned stimulus.
What is differentiation in classical conditioning? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The ability
to distinguish between similar stimuli, where only one elicits a conditioned
response.
What did Pavlov mean by 'experimental neurosis'? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A
breakdown in behavior caused by conflicting excitatory and inhibitory
processes when stimuli are difficult to differentiate.
3
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2026. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, How did Pavlov's work influence the understanding of abnormal behavior? -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔He suggested that differences in responses to conflict could
be linked to variations in types of nervous systems.
What was the impact of Thorndike's work on behaviorism? - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔Thorndike's laws of learning from animal research were applied to
human behavior, contributing to the behaviorist movement.
What was the primary conflict in psychology during the behaviorist
revolution? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The conflict between introspection-based
approaches and the objective study of behavior.
What did Pavlov initially think about the field of psychology? - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔He considered it unscientific and was hesitant to associate his work
with it.
What role did Ivan Pavlov hold at St. Petersburg's Military Academy? -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔He was a professor of physiology.
What was the significance of Pavlov's Nobel Prize? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔It
brought widespread recognition to his work on classical conditioning.
