DNA Replication, Mutations, Epigenetics, PCR, DNA Repair, Enzymes, Enzyme Kinetics, Protein Structure, Amino Acids, Hemoglobin, Myoglobin, Carbohydrate Metabolism, Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, Beta Oxidation, ATP, Oxidative Phosphorylation, Lactate, Glycogen,

DNA Replication, Mutations, Epigenetics, PCR, DNA Repair, Enzymes, Enzyme Kinetics, Protein Structure, Amino Acids, Hemoglobin, Myoglobin, Carbohydrate Metabolism, Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, Beta Oxidation, ATP, Oxidative Phosphorylation, Lactate, Glycogen, Lipids, Fatty Acids, Hormones, Gene Expression, Epigenetic Changes, Sickle Cell, Tay-Sachs Exam Questions Verified and Provided with Complete A+ Graded Rationales Latest Updated 2026 semi conservative DNA replication is ___________, meaning that each new duplex has one original (parent) strand and one new strand. template Because the two parent strands are separated during replication and the base pairing is predictable, each parent strand can serve as a ____________for the new strand synthesis. helicase unwinds the double stranded DNA to allow for replication, but this is not a problem for the DNA polymerase. Nucleotide excision repair _______________is used to repair deletions, insertions, and helix-distorting lesions, such as thymine dimers. complementary strand a strand of DNA that is the exact match of another complementary sequence Nucleic acid base sequences that can form a double-stranded structure by matching base pairs. mRNA DNA sequence The use of U instead of A, starts from right to left. 32 How many DNA copies after 4 complete PCR cycles? DNA polymerase This recognizes the primers and uses the available dNTPS to replicate the template DNA sequence. nonsense mutation missense mutation frameshift mutation silent mutation x linked recessive autosomal dominant autosomal recessive x linked dominant SIRT1, SIRT2 associated with chronic exposure to cocaine and drug addiction, the nucleosomes become widely spaced. alternative splicing of mRNA Alternative combination of exons within the same gene are linked together. base excision repair -nucleotide is cut out and replaced with correct nucleotide recombination the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes, resulting from a cross-over event nucleotide excision repair a nuclease cuts out and replaces damaged stretches of DNA mismatch repair the cellular process that uses specific enzymes to remove and replace incorrectly paired nucleotides xeroderma pigmentosum amino group carboxyl group side chain alpha carbon hydrogen bond ionic bond hydrophobic effect The ______ is the primary "force" of protein structural stabilization. hydrogen bonding bond connecting the nitrogenous bases (A, T, G, C) electrostatic interactions What binds the enzyme and substrate with the active site? (hint: type of interaction) salt bridges disulfide bonding tertiary structure glycogen depletion An unwanted effect of an overly vigorous warm-up is: protein aggregation causes Alzheimer disease carbohydrate catabolism breakdown of carbohydrate molecules to produce energy, glycolosis, krebs cycle, ETC PKU primary structure