NURS 3550 Midterm Exam Questions With Correct Answers

NURS 3550 Midterm Exam Questions With Correct
Answers


Antibiotic ||- ||CORRECT ||ANSWER✔✔-Chemical ||produced ||by ||organism ||that ||harm ||other ||
microbes



Antimicrobial ||- ||CORRECT ||ANSWER✔✔-Any ||agent ||that ||can ||kill/suppress ||microorganisms



Spectrum ||- ||CORRECT ||ANSWER✔✔-Broad: ||impacts ||many ||different ||microbes; ||Narrow: ||
impacts ||few ||microbial ||species ||('specific')



Aerobic ||bacteria ||- ||CORRECT ||ANSWER✔✔-Need ||oxygen ||to ||survive, ||only ||found ||in ||oxygen ||
environments



Anaerobic ||bacteria ||- ||CORRECT ||ANSWER✔✔-In ||areas ||without ||oxygen ||as ||byproducts ||of ||
oxygen ||are ||harmful ||to ||them



Facultative ||bacteria ||- ||CORRECT ||ANSWER✔✔-Can ||exist ||with ||or ||without ||oxygen



Selective ||toxicity ||- ||CORRECT ||ANSWER✔✔-Ability ||to ||injure ||target ||organisms ||without ||
harming ||host



Bactericidal ||- ||CORRECT ||ANSWER✔✔-Lethal ||to ||bacteria



Bacteriostatic ||- ||CORRECT ||ANSWER✔✔-Slows ||growth ||of ||bacteria, ||doesn't ||kill ||it ||(requires ||
the ||immune ||system)

,Trough ||level ||- ||CORRECT ||ANSWER✔✔-Amount ||of ||drug ||in ||serum ||blood ||sample ||before ||the
||next ||dose ||is ||due ||(lowest ||level)




Peak ||level ||- ||CORRECT ||ANSWER✔✔-Amount ||of ||drug ||in ||a ||serum ||blood ||sample ||when ||it ||
peaks ||(highest ||level)



Superinfection ||- ||CORRECT ||ANSWER✔✔-A ||new ||infection ||that ||develops ||when ||treating ||a ||
primary ||infection



Bacterial ||resistance ||- ||CORRECT ||ANSWER✔✔-Stems ||from ||changes ||in ||microbe ||NOT ||changes
||in ||drug; ||i.e ||bugs ||become ||resistant; ||drugs ||do ||not ||become ||resistant




Penicillin ||- ||CORRECT ||ANSWER✔✔-Beta-lactam ||antibiotic; ||all ||beta-lactam ||antibiotics ||disrupt
||the ||cell ||wall




Penicillin's ||mechanism ||of ||action ||- ||CORRECT ||ANSWER✔✔-Inhibition ||of ||transpeptidases ||and
||activation ||of ||autolysins




Penicillin ||binding ||proteins ||(PBPs) ||- ||CORRECT ||ANSWER✔✔-Molecular ||targets ||for ||penicillin, ||
only ||expressed ||during ||growth ||and ||division



Gram ||negative ||(GN) ||cell ||envelope ||- ||CORRECT ||ANSWER✔✔-Has ||another ||layer ||(an ||outer ||
membrane) ||which ||is ||harder ||to ||penetrate ||(penicillin ||not ||very ||effective)



Penicillinases ||- ||CORRECT ||ANSWER✔✔-Enzymes ||that ||breakdown ||the ||beta-lactam ||ring ||-> ||
makes ||drug ||useless



Altered ||PBPs ||- ||CORRECT ||ANSWER✔✔-Low ||affinity ||for ||penicillin ||(and ||beta-lactam ||drugs); ||
MRSA ||has ||altered ||PBPs

, Penicillin ||G ||- ||CORRECT ||ANSWER✔✔-Prototype, ||most ||used; ||bactericidal ||to ||many ||GP ||and ||
some ||GN ||bacteria; ||although ||narrow-spectrum



Penicillin ||V ||- ||CORRECT ||ANSWER✔✔-Stable ||in ||stomach ||acid ||and ||can ||be ||taken ||PO



Penicillinase-resistant ||Penicillins ||- ||CORRECT ||ANSWER✔✔-Used ||only ||with ||penicillinase-
producing ||staphylococci



Broad-spectrum ||Penicillins ||- ||CORRECT ||ANSWER✔✔-Same ||spectrum ||as ||Pen ||G ||plus ||GN ||
bacteria



Extended-spectrum ||Penicillin ||- ||CORRECT ||ANSWER✔✔-Increased ||spectrum, ||notably ||
includes ||Pseudomonas ||Aeruginosa, ||which ||is ||often ||seen ||in ||immunocompromised ||patients



Penicillin ||Allergy ||- ||CORRECT ||ANSWER✔✔-Not ||related ||to ||dose; ||must ||have ||been ||exposed ||
to ||penicillin ||before ||(could ||be ||diet ||or ||environmental)



Types ||of ||Penicillin ||reactions ||- ||CORRECT ||ANSWER✔✔-Immediate ||(2-30 ||minutes), ||
Accelerated ||(1-72 ||hours)



Anaphylaxis ||- ||CORRECT ||ANSWER✔✔-Severe ||hypersensitivity ||reaction ||with ||10% ||mortality.



Epinephrine ||- ||CORRECT ||ANSWER✔✔-Immediate ||treatment ||for ||anaphylaxis.



Cephalosporins ||- ||CORRECT ||ANSWER✔✔-Bactericidal ||beta-lactam ||antibiotics ||with ||five ||
generations.