Neuroscience, Brain Structures, Neurotransmitters, Nervous System, Endocrine Regulation, Learning & Conditioning, Memory Systems, Sensation & Perception, Cognitive Processes, Motivation & Emotion, Sleep & Dreams, Consciousness, Psychological Theories, Psy

Neuroscience, Brain Structures, Neurotransmitters, Nervous System, Endocrine Regulation, Learning & Conditioning, Memory Systems, Sensation & Perception, Cognitive Processes, Motivation & Emotion, Sleep & Dreams, Consciousness, Psychological Theories, Psychopathology, Hypnosis, Drugs & Behavior, Brain Plasticity, Critical Thinking, Structuralism, Functionalism, Psychoanalysis, Behavioralism, Humanistic Psychology, Cognitive Psychology Exam Questions Verified and Complete with A+ Graded Rationales Latest Updated 2026 Pyshcology scientific study of brain activity, behavior, and mental processes critical thinking steps 1. what am I being asked to believe? 2. what evidence is provided to support the conclusion? 3. What are the most reasonable conclusion? where did psychology originate from philosophical questions and proposed questions Dualism Rene Descartes- the mind and body are separate but interacting psychoanalytic theory Freud- unconscious conflict: theory to understand how unconscious thoughts cause disorders Structuralism Wundt and Titchner- discovered the basic parts/elements of the conscious mind Functionalism James and Darwin- the purpose of the conscious mind: describe how the conscious mind aids in adaption to an environment (Darwin focused in structure) Gestalt Psychology Wertheimer and Kohler- the whole is greater than the sum of its part Behavorialism Watson and Skinner- examines how different stimuli influence behavior humanistic psychology Maslow and Rogers- focus on positives: goodness of people Cognitive Psychology Miller and Neisser- the study of how people think, learn, and remember (mental process influence behavior) 4 levels of analysis biological, individual, social, and cultural descriptive method describe what is occurring by observational studies, self reports, and case studies correlation method test the relationship among factors (ex- what reducing cancer risks) experimental method cause and effect independent variable variable that is manipulated dependent variable The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable. nervous system network of billions of cells that are responsible for what we feel, think, and do function of the nervous system receive sensory input, process info, and respond by acting Central Nervous system contains the brain and spinal cord; processing info peripheral nervous system connects nerves to the central nervous system with the organs, muscles, and glands neurons basic unit of the nervous system that instigate and transmit info; communicate with other cells on purpose dendrites short branches that detect signals cell body where info is received axon puts off electric impulses that transmits info synapse where communication between neurons occur myelin sheath allows some things to pass through to get to axon; semipermeable membrane Action Potential step 1 transmission phase: neurons pass signals to receiving neurons Action Potential step 2 reception phase: neurons receive signals from neighboring neurons Action Potential step 3 Integration phase: neurons assess the incoming signals neurotransmitters chemical substances that carry signals to and from neurons reuptake way neurotransmitter is removed: absorbed by the presynaptic enzy