Week 16 Pathophysiology Final Exam (Proctored) 2026
| Verified Questions & Accurate Answers | Complete
Review Guide
Attempt Time Score
Question 1
pts
A patient with type 1 diabetes asks the nurse what causes polyuria. What is the nurse’s
best response? The symptom of polyuria in diabetes mellitus (DM) is caused by:
a reduced ADH response caused by insulin deficiency.
the loss of protein across the glomerular membrane.
the production of ketones.
increased glucose in the urine.
The presence of glucose in the urine filtrate draws water into the tubules, causing an "osmotic
diuresis."
IncorrectQuestion 2
pts
If a patient with diabetes has advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs), what does
the nurse suspect is happening in the patient's body?
Increased ketone formation
AGEs cause tissue injury through a variety of mechanisms, including the production of free
radicals and the induction of microvascular/macrovascular disease. AGEs do not affect ketone
formation.
,Tissue/cellular injury
Dawn phenomenon
Reduction of chronic complications
Question 3
pts
Which information should the nurse include in a lecture on syndrome of inappropriate
antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)? SIADH results in excessive:
renal retention of sodium and water.
renal excretion of sodium without water retention.
renal retention of water without sodium retention.
Elevated ADH secretion in SIADH stimulates increased water reabsorption in the distal and
collecting tubules.
renal excretion of water without sodium retention.
Question 4
pts
A patient has thyroid carcinoma. Which of the following will the nurse find on
assessment?
Small thyroid nodule
Thyroid carcinoma usually presents with small thyroid nodules.
,Elevated T3 and T4
Large, diffuse goiter
Thyroid gland atrophy
IncorrectQuestion 5
pts
A patient with Graves disease has subcutaneous swelling of the anterior leg. Which
term should the nurse document on the chart?
Papilledema
Papilledema is swelling of the optic disc in the eye. A patient with Graves disease will develop
infiltration of subcutaneous tissues of the anterior lower leg, resulting in a "doughy" edema
called pretibial myxedema.
Pretibial myxedema
Diplopia
Acropachy
Question 6
pts
A student nurse asks the nurse what causes acromegaly. The nurse should explain that
acromegaly is caused by abnormal increases of:
prolactin.
growth hormone.
, Acromegaly from increased growth hormone secretion results in gigantism, as well as other
structural and physiological problems.
insulin.
glucocorticoids.
Question 7
pts
The pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) involves:
autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a slowly progressive autoimmune T cell-mediated disease that
destroys beta cells of the pancreas.
production of antibodies against alpha cells.
type I hypersensitivity against pancreatic mast cells.
insulin resistance in cellular receptors.
Question 8
pts
Which is the appropriate method for diagnosis of type 1 diabetes?
Measuring urine output
Evaluating fasting plasma glucose levels
Diabetes can be diagnosed by abnormal blood glucose levels either randomly, fasting,
glycosylated, or post glucose load.
| Verified Questions & Accurate Answers | Complete
Review Guide
Attempt Time Score
Question 1
pts
A patient with type 1 diabetes asks the nurse what causes polyuria. What is the nurse’s
best response? The symptom of polyuria in diabetes mellitus (DM) is caused by:
a reduced ADH response caused by insulin deficiency.
the loss of protein across the glomerular membrane.
the production of ketones.
increased glucose in the urine.
The presence of glucose in the urine filtrate draws water into the tubules, causing an "osmotic
diuresis."
IncorrectQuestion 2
pts
If a patient with diabetes has advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs), what does
the nurse suspect is happening in the patient's body?
Increased ketone formation
AGEs cause tissue injury through a variety of mechanisms, including the production of free
radicals and the induction of microvascular/macrovascular disease. AGEs do not affect ketone
formation.
,Tissue/cellular injury
Dawn phenomenon
Reduction of chronic complications
Question 3
pts
Which information should the nurse include in a lecture on syndrome of inappropriate
antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)? SIADH results in excessive:
renal retention of sodium and water.
renal excretion of sodium without water retention.
renal retention of water without sodium retention.
Elevated ADH secretion in SIADH stimulates increased water reabsorption in the distal and
collecting tubules.
renal excretion of water without sodium retention.
Question 4
pts
A patient has thyroid carcinoma. Which of the following will the nurse find on
assessment?
Small thyroid nodule
Thyroid carcinoma usually presents with small thyroid nodules.
,Elevated T3 and T4
Large, diffuse goiter
Thyroid gland atrophy
IncorrectQuestion 5
pts
A patient with Graves disease has subcutaneous swelling of the anterior leg. Which
term should the nurse document on the chart?
Papilledema
Papilledema is swelling of the optic disc in the eye. A patient with Graves disease will develop
infiltration of subcutaneous tissues of the anterior lower leg, resulting in a "doughy" edema
called pretibial myxedema.
Pretibial myxedema
Diplopia
Acropachy
Question 6
pts
A student nurse asks the nurse what causes acromegaly. The nurse should explain that
acromegaly is caused by abnormal increases of:
prolactin.
growth hormone.
, Acromegaly from increased growth hormone secretion results in gigantism, as well as other
structural and physiological problems.
insulin.
glucocorticoids.
Question 7
pts
The pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) involves:
autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a slowly progressive autoimmune T cell-mediated disease that
destroys beta cells of the pancreas.
production of antibodies against alpha cells.
type I hypersensitivity against pancreatic mast cells.
insulin resistance in cellular receptors.
Question 8
pts
Which is the appropriate method for diagnosis of type 1 diabetes?
Measuring urine output
Evaluating fasting plasma glucose levels
Diabetes can be diagnosed by abnormal blood glucose levels either randomly, fasting,
glycosylated, or post glucose load.
