Immune properties: Secretory immunoglobulins
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Approximately 90% of breast milk immunoglobulins are IgA
IgA protection is especially important because it fights infection without
causing inflammation
Effective Feeding
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, The infant's chin touches the breast with the nose slightly away from the
breast.
The mother feels a tug but it does not hurt.
Infant begins to suck - the cheeks are full and rounded.
The infant sucks quickly, with short rest pauses. After a few minutes that rate
of sucking changes becoming slower with a pause for a swallow. The
muscles by the temples move with each suck.
Audible swallowing may be heard (listen for a "ca" sound. It becomes more
evident as milk increases and may sound like gulping.
The nipple looks rounded, not flattened, when the infant comes off the
breast.
The nipples do not have cracks, blisters, or bleeding.
Appropriate output and weight loss/gain for age.
Importance of Skin to Skin Mom and Infant
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Behavior and bonding
Interactions: Skin-to-skin contact between infants and parents immediately
after planned cesarean section promotes vocal interaction
Decreased pain during painful procedures
Stronger immune system
Weaning
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, - as soon as solids are introduced
- average age of weaning globally 2-4 years
- pressure to wean cultural & societal
- abrupt weaning can be distressing to mom and infant
Changes in Human Milk 2
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Maternal diet; type of fat influence fatty acids in milk; total amount not
affected
Age of infant: newborn vs toddler
Between breasts: tandem nursing
Mother/infant are ill: mom creates antibodies in response to pathogens
infant exposed to
Finger Feeding (feeding tube)
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Uses: not latching, assess suck, older babies who refuse bottle
Advantages: similar mechanics to breastfeeding, baby controls pace,
diagnostic, parents involved
Disadvantages: easy to force finger into mouth, may discourage wide
mouth, cumbersome
, Acceptable Medical Reasons for Supplementation Mom
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Maternal conditions permanently: HIV
Maternal conditions that may justify temporary:
Severe Illness
Herpes simplex 1
Maternal Medication
Maternal conditions during which breastfeeding can still continue with
health concerns:
Abscesses
Hep B
Hep C
Mastitis
TB
Substance use
Methods of Expressing Milk
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Hand expression
Hand pumps
Electric pumps
Introducing solids too early
Give this one a try later!
Give this one a try later!
Approximately 90% of breast milk immunoglobulins are IgA
IgA protection is especially important because it fights infection without
causing inflammation
Effective Feeding
Give this one a try later!
, The infant's chin touches the breast with the nose slightly away from the
breast.
The mother feels a tug but it does not hurt.
Infant begins to suck - the cheeks are full and rounded.
The infant sucks quickly, with short rest pauses. After a few minutes that rate
of sucking changes becoming slower with a pause for a swallow. The
muscles by the temples move with each suck.
Audible swallowing may be heard (listen for a "ca" sound. It becomes more
evident as milk increases and may sound like gulping.
The nipple looks rounded, not flattened, when the infant comes off the
breast.
The nipples do not have cracks, blisters, or bleeding.
Appropriate output and weight loss/gain for age.
Importance of Skin to Skin Mom and Infant
Give this one a try later!
Behavior and bonding
Interactions: Skin-to-skin contact between infants and parents immediately
after planned cesarean section promotes vocal interaction
Decreased pain during painful procedures
Stronger immune system
Weaning
Give this one a try later!
, - as soon as solids are introduced
- average age of weaning globally 2-4 years
- pressure to wean cultural & societal
- abrupt weaning can be distressing to mom and infant
Changes in Human Milk 2
Give this one a try later!
Maternal diet; type of fat influence fatty acids in milk; total amount not
affected
Age of infant: newborn vs toddler
Between breasts: tandem nursing
Mother/infant are ill: mom creates antibodies in response to pathogens
infant exposed to
Finger Feeding (feeding tube)
Give this one a try later!
Uses: not latching, assess suck, older babies who refuse bottle
Advantages: similar mechanics to breastfeeding, baby controls pace,
diagnostic, parents involved
Disadvantages: easy to force finger into mouth, may discourage wide
mouth, cumbersome
, Acceptable Medical Reasons for Supplementation Mom
Give this one a try later!
Maternal conditions permanently: HIV
Maternal conditions that may justify temporary:
Severe Illness
Herpes simplex 1
Maternal Medication
Maternal conditions during which breastfeeding can still continue with
health concerns:
Abscesses
Hep B
Hep C
Mastitis
TB
Substance use
Methods of Expressing Milk
Give this one a try later!
Hand expression
Hand pumps
Electric pumps
Introducing solids too early
Give this one a try later!
